摘要:教学领导(instructional leadership)起源于20世纪70年代美国学者对有效学校的研究,他们认为校长强有力的教学领导对于提高学校效能和促进学校发展具有重要作用,在其后20世纪80年代的学校改革运动中,教学领导成为学校领导研究中的热点问题,国内外尤其是国外关于教学领导的著述颇丰。但迄今为止,人们关于教学领导的研究主要限于校长的教学领导,对教师的教学领导探讨远远不够,大大限制了教学领导整体功能的发挥。越来越多的研究人员宣称教学领导分布于“学校社区”中,包括校长、学区主管、教师和政策制定人员,大家各负其责,而校长教学领导只是教学领导的多个层次中的一个层次。教师教学领导作为教学领导的重要组成部分,有着其独特的意义、功能和特点,而教师教学领导风格是教师教学领导的个性特征,是教师教学领导达到高度成熟的标志。本文主要通过对教师教学领导风格的涵义、特点及类型、形成的基本条件和途径等方面的分析和探讨,来加强对教师教学领导风格的理解和把握,并最终达到以此来促进教师的专业化发展,促进学校的管理,提高学生的学习效能的目的。本文首先在前言里介绍了本研究的选题缘由、意义、相关文献综述、本研究的思路、方法,然后接下来正文分为三部分:
第一部分,教师教学领导风格的内涵。在这一部分里,文章首先从教学领导的概念、教学领导与行政领导、课程领导以及教学管理的横向关系入手来阐释教学领导的涵义;然后通过对教学风格及其分类的阐释来探讨教师教学风格的内涵。
第二部分,教师教学领导风格的特点及类型。这部分对教师教学领导风格的特点做了综合分析,进而将教师教学领导风格的特点归纳为:独特性、稳定性、创造性和发展性;然后在此基础上将教学领导风格分为四种类型:被动服从型、自控独立型、合作协调型和设计规划型。
第三部分,教师教学领导风格形成的基本条件及途径。这部分主要从主客观因素入手来分析形成教师教学风格的基本条件。主观条件主要指教师的内在修养,自我激励和提高等方面,客观因素主要指教师所处的校园文化、学校提供的条件、学生的表现、学生家长的态度、会的影响等方面。针对形成教师教学领导风格的基本条件,为了加速教师形成教学领导风格,本文分别对教师本身和学校及相关部门提出对策建议。比如,要求教师从自身出发,培养追求教学领导风格的积极性,提高理论素养,反思教学,对环境资源进行合理灵活的利用,积极建立与他人和外界的沟通协调,提高对学生的学法指导等。对学校及相关部门的建议包括,更新学校行政领导教育管理观念,创造和谐的校园文化,给教师提供教学领导所需的软硬件支持,通过沟通减压等缓解教师心理压力确保教师心理健康等。
关键词:教师;教学领导;风格
Abstract:Instructional leadership originates from us scholars’ research on effective schools in the
1970s, and the scholars thought that the principals’ powerful instructional leadership
played a vital role in enhancing the schools, potency and development. In the school
reform movements in 1980s, the instructional leadership became a hot topic in the
studies on school leadership. But up to now, the studies on instructional leadership mainly
are about principals, instructional leadership, and studies on teacher’s instructional leadership is far
from sufficient, which limits the display of the instructional leadership’s overall function. Besides, more
and more researchers declare that instructional leadership is distributed in “the school community”,
including principals, school district superintendents, teachers and policy formulation personnel, and
each takes his own responsibility. The teacher’s instructional leadership style is the individual
characteristic of teacher’s instructional leadership, and is a symbol of high maturity of teacher’s
instructional leadership. This paper arms to strengthen the understanding of teacher’s instructional
leadership style mainly through the analysis and discussion of the implication, characteristics, types,
basic conditions and the way by which to form teacher instructional leadership style, and finally to
promote teachers’ professional development, promote the school administration and enhance students’
achievements.
The introduction part explains the cause of subject selection, the significance, reference review,
conception definitions and research methods. The following main body is divided into three parts:
First part, the connotation of teacher’s instructional leadership style. In
this part, the article first explains the connotation of instructional leadership from the
perspective of instructional leadership’s concept, the relationships between the
instructional leadership and the administrative leadership, the curriculum leadership
and the instructional management; then discusses the connotation of the instructional leadership
style through that of teacher’s teaching style.
Second part, the characteristics and types of teacher’s instructional leadership style.The
characteristics of the teacher’s instructional leadership style are divided into four kinds: uniqueness,
stability, creativity and development. And the teacher’s instructional leadership style falls into four
categories: passive and obedient, sel-controlled and independent, cooperative and coordinate, designing and planning.
The third part, explain the basic conditions and way to form teacher’s instructional leadership
style.This part mainly analyzes the basic conditions to form teacher’s instructional leadership style
from the angle of subjective and objective factors. The subjective factors mainly refer to
teacher’s intrinsic tutelage, the self-encouragement and development and so on, the objective factors mainly refer to the campus
culture, the school software and hardware support, student’s performance, students’
guardian’s aspect and the society’s understanding and support. This paper separately
puts forward some proposals to the teacher and the school and the correlation department to
support teachers to form instructional leadership style. For instance, as for teachers, they should
develop their own initiatives to pursue instructional leadership style, improve
their theoretical minds, reflect their teaching, make a reasonable and flexible usage of the
environment resources, positively establish the communication with other people, and offer
instructions for students’ leaming and so on. Proposals for the school and related departments
include refreshing education and teaching conception, creating harmonious campus culture, providing
software and hardware support to the teacher, and alleviating the teachers’ stress and pressure
through communication and other ways to guarantee the teachers’ psychologically health and so on.
Key words:Teacher;Instructional Leadership;Style
(张建梅 西南大学硕士研究生学位论文)