摘要:随着幼儿教青改革的不断深化和发展,我国的幼儿园教育在21世纪面临着严峻挑战。一方面,在市场经济条件下,如何使自己的幼儿园办出特色,树立品牌,从而能够在日益激烈的社会竞争中立于不败之地,是所有园长们必须考虑的现实课题。另一方面,在校长专业化的大背景下,园长专业化的呼声也已初见端倪,社会和公众对幼儿园园长的要求越来越高,怎样通过提高自身的领导素养,进而提升幼儿园管理品质,并最终促进幼儿的全面发展,也是园长们无法回避的现实问题。园长在幼儿园自身的改革和发展中,发挥的作用举足轻重。幼儿园办得好不好,能否生存与发展,关键在园长。在1996年由原国家教委颁布的《幼儿园工作规程》中明确规定,园长领导幼儿园的工作。长期以来,我们重管理轻领导,这种倾向不仅表现实践层面,也表现在理论研究方面。虽然领导和管理有着内在的联系,但领导不是管理。一所幼儿园的存在与发展,如果说在传统的计划经济条件下是以管理制胜的话,那么,在今天市场经济不断深化成熟和完善的条件下,则主要是靠领导制胜,关键仍在园长。
最近几年来,人们对领导的研究与实践日益关注,但在幼教领域却很少有人涉足。与其他社会组织有所不同,幼儿园是以女性为主的社会团体,园长也多为女性,园长与下属之间多是面对面的直接领导,在这样的特定文化背景下,园长的领导行为会表现出怎样的特点,其领导行为现状如何等,对这些问题进行深入研究,不仅可以为园长不断改善领导行为、促进自身专业化成长提供必要的指导和帮助,而且也可以充实园长领导行为的理论研究,为园长的岗位培训提供重要依据。
本研究在学习借鉴国外关于领导研究最新理论成果的基础上,运用调查研究的方法,对青岛市109位幼儿园园长的领导素养、领导风格、领导行为中的合作关系水平等进行了较为详细、深入的研究。全文共包括五部分。
第一部分:问题提出。主要阐明了问题提出的原因、本研究的目的、意义和创新之处。
第二部分:研究思路。阐述了研究的主要方法、问卷的选择确定、研究对象选择、样本的选取和资料的收集处理等基本问题。
第三部分:调查结果。主要是调查数据的呈现与分析,揭示出当前幼儿园园长领导行为的现状及存在问题,如园长对领导与管理的认知不足、缺乏领导意识、领导中普遍注重关系行为却缺少支持性行为等。
第四部分:讨论分析。在对管理和领导概念进行界定的基础上,围绕调查结果所反映的问题,对调查结论进行了深入细致的梳理、分析和讨论。
第五部分:对策探讨。主要针对调查的结论,提出几点建议:第一,政策理论界应进一步加强对领导行为的理论研究,为园长提高领导素养、改进领导行为提供理论支持;第二,要建立可行的园长岗位培训制度,为园长领导行为的不断改善提供制度保障;同时,要注意更新培训的内容与方法,使园长通过培训,不仅能在管理技能、教育观念等方面持续进步,而且也能在领导意识、领导水平上不断提高。第三,实践界(园长)要加强理论学习,树立领导的意识,既懂管理,更会领导,在幼儿园管理的具体实践与反思中改进并发展领导行为,在促进自身专业化成长的过程中,引领幼儿园全体员工努力提高教育质量,从而使幼儿园能够在激烈的社会竞争中立于不败之地。
关键词:幼儿园;园长;领导行为;调查
Abstract:With the development continuously and deeply along of the infant
education reform, the infant education of our country faces the rigorous
challenge in 21 centuries. Under the condition of market economy, how make
own kindergarten do some outstanding, set up the brand, in order that we can
be in dominant position at social competition increasingly which is realistic
topic that all principles must consider. On the other hand, under the big
background of president’s specialization, the voice of principle’s specialization
is increasing. Society and publics’ requestment to principle of kindergarten
higher and higher, how to promote the quality of management in the kindergarten
through improve cultivation of the leader himself and promote the overall
development of the kindergarten, that is also realistic problem which can’t be
evaded among those principles of kindergarten. The situation of principle is
very important in the development and reform of kindergarten. The key person is
the principle who decides if a kindergarten can exist and develop or not.
It has been defined in Working Rules and Regulations of Kindergarten that
the person who leads the daily work is the principle of kindergarten. For long
time, we put the management on the first place, this kind of tendency not only
express in the fulfill’s level, but also express in the field of studying.
Although the leadership and managements have inside of contact, leadership is
not management. If say that the existence and developments of a kindergarten
depends on management under the condition of planning economy of tradition, so,
under the condition of the market economy of today becomes continuously and
deeply, the key person is still the principle of a kindergarten.
In the last few years, the people pay close attention to research and
fulfillments to leadership increasingly, but little people touch upon the field
of infant education. It is social group, essential part of which is female, many
of principles is female, under the particular cultural background, studying the
leadership behavior of the female principle of a kindergarten, talking about how
to improve leadership behavior of a principle and promote the increasing of
specialization of a principle. All of these has itself specific meaning.
This research in the base of studying about the latest theory of leadership
research from the abroad utilize the method of researching to take up a detail
investigation to cultivated manners, style, behavior of leadership in the current.
It is divided into five parts:
The first part: The problem put forward. It mainly clarified the reason of
its and the purpose, meaning and the innovation of the research.
The second part: The way of studying. It elaborated the main method, the choice
of questionnaire and selection research, the collection of sample and data etc.
The third part: result investigation. It is the presence and the analysis of the
inquisition data, and announce to the leadership behavior and exist problem in a
principle of kindergarten, such as the shortage with the aspect of cognition of
principle of a kindergarten to leadership and management, and lack the leadership
consciousness and pay attention to relation behavior but lack support sexual
behavior etc.
Four-part cent: Discussion analysis. At the basic of defining up to management and
leadership, around the problem which is reflected from investigation and result,
taking up a conclusion which have been discussed deeply and detailly.
Through statistics the analysis, announcing some serious problems on the
principle at present. In the end, direct towards the problem of reflection, to
carry on the counter plan study, and point out, the policy theories field should
further strengthen the theories research to the leadership behavior, building up
the viable training system, renew the contents and the method of the training.
The principle of a kindergarten wants to strengthen the theories study, setting
up the consciousness of the leadership, to development leadership art in practice
and introspect.
Key words:kindergarten;the principle of a kindergarten;leadership behavior; investigation
(董汉民 山东师范大学硕士研究生学位论文)