摘要：学前教育是基础教育的重要组成部分,学前教育的质量将影响到幼儿认知能力、创新能力、学习能力的形成。对于个体来说,六岁以前的发展是快速的且奠基性的,这几年的发展状况所产生的影响可延续人的一生,所以优良的学前教育对孩子的未来具有重要的意义。与世界发达国家相比,我国的学前教育事业发展还较为缓慢。学前教育管理体制不健全、学前教育立法缺失、政府财政投入不足、学前教育资源分配不公、幼儿教师身份待遇得不到保障等众多问题都严重制约我国学前教育事业的发展。学前教育具有极强的公益性,学前教育事业不仅给个人和家庭带来收益,更加为国家、社会以及民众带来不可计量的巨大的社会和经济收益,它的准公共产品性质决定政府是学前教育服务的主要供给者。随着《国家中长期教育改革与发展规划纲要(2010~2020)》的颁布施行,更加明确了政府对学前教育事业的发展有着不可推卸的职责。本文针对当前我国学前教育中的主要问题,深入分析问题产生的原因,立足实际并借鉴国外政府优秀的学前教育发展经验,对我国政府在学前教育中应负有的职责做出了具体的描述和分析。通过分析作者认为,政府部门应从以下几方面来履行学前教育的政府职能:一是积极推动学前教育立法工作幵展,让学前教育有法可依、有法必依;二是建立健全学前教育管理体制机制,弥补政府在学前教育管理中的缺位;三是加大政府学前教育资金投入规模,保障学前教育工作开展;四是重点发展农村地区学前教育,保证学前教育资源公平分配;五是多措并举优化幼儿师资队伍建设,确保学前教育质量,最终推动我国学前教育事业全面健康发展。 关键词:学前教育;准公共产品;政府职责
ABSTRACT：Pre-school education is an important part of basic education,the quality of pre-school education will affect the formation of the early childhood's cognitive ability,innovation ability,and the ability to learn. As for the individual, development before the age of six is fast and foundational, these years' development situation has great impact on a person's life,and so good quality of pre-school education is of great significance for the child's future. Compared with the developed countries in the world, China's pre-school development is comparatively slower. Pre-school education has some serious constraints that affect the development of our pre-school career. These constraints including didn't have a sound management system, lack of pre-school education legislation, lack of government financial input, inequitable distribution of pre-school resource, the identity of kindergarten teachers can't be guaranteed. Pre-school education has a strong characteristic of public interest, pre-school education career has not only bring benefits to individuals and families,but also bring enormous social and economic benefits to the state and society,pre-school education's quasi-public nature determine government is the main provider. With the "Long-term Educatio Reform and Development Plan ( 2010-2020 ) "promulgated, its more obvious that the government can't shirk its responsibility of pre-school education career development. According to the main problem of pre-school education, this paper explores the causes of the problems in-depth ; it gives specific description and analysis that our government's responsibility based on our country's reality andforeign governments' experience. According to analysis ’ the author hold that the government can fiilfill pre-school education responsibility through the following aspects: First, promote to carry out legislation of pre-school education, so that the pre-school education can have a legal basis; Secondly, establish and improve the mechanism of pre-education management, to compensate for the absence of government's role in the pre-school education management ; Thirdly, increase government's pre-school founding scale, protect the carrying out of pre-school education career; Fourthly, focus on the development of rural areas of pre-school education career, ensure the equitable distribution of pre-school education resources ; Fifthly,take measures to optimize the construction of kindergarten teacher resources, ensure the quality of pre-school education, promote the healthy development of pre-school education career ultimately.
KEY WORDS: Pre-school education ; Quasi-public goods ; Government；responsibility
(罗津：2011级民族区域与行政管理中央民族大学硕士研究生)