摘  要：女性群体长期以来处于一个相对弱势的地位。几千年的封建思想使她们承载了太多的束缚，她们被排除在主流社会之外，她们的声音被淹没在以男性为主宰的世界之中。

    随着历史的发展，社会的进步，女性的社会地位得到了前所未有的提高。在社会生活中，女性活跃在诸如科技、教育、文化、体育、政治等各个领域，而其中也涌现出了大批的女性领导者，她们无疑是女性的杰出代表。木文旨在研究这一个特殊的群体，即女性领导者们如何在这个仍以男权为主的社会中展现她们的领导魅力与领导风格，并希望借此能为更多的女性领导提供一点指导与借鉴，也希望能为那些立志成为杰出领导的女性们提供一点帮助。

    本文通过个案访谈的形式分析综合而成。考虑到不同的组织性质，本文选择了企业、政府和高校三种组织中具有代表性的几位女性领导者作为访谈对象。其中企业三位（国企、民企和外企各一位），政府一位，高校两位。通过与她们面对面的交谈，捕捉她们领导工作中的闪光点，获取她们的领导经验，分析她们的领导魅力与领导风格。

    经研究后发现，她们在领导魅力与领导风格方面有许多共同之处，同时也各有特点。具体来说有以下几个发现：

一、领导魅力方面

    1、本研究发现，几位受访者都认为“情感因素”在她们的领导工作中扮演着重要的作用。她们均认为“以情感人”的工作方法常会收到“事半功倍”之效。这充分表明，女性细腻的感情、更具爱心和更具善心的品格对她们的领导工作起着极大的促进作用，而这正是女性领导较具优势之处。亲和力和情感因素是她们最大的优势。这也许是她们最得大独厚的地方，女性那种独有一的“母性”之爱定会融化每一颗冰冻的心。

2、几位受访者都认为“身教重于言教”，“身体力行”是她们重要的工作准则之一，因而她们都会在工作中主动树立角色榜样的作用。

3、俗话说，“巾帼不让须眉”，几位受访者几乎同时认为她们在领导能力方面与男性没有差别。只是在具体的领导行为方式有所不同而己。

4、自信使她们充满魅力，这是她们给我留下的最深刻的印象。自信也是她们取得成功的最为重要的因素之一。

二、领导风格方面

1、本研究发现，来自企业，即赢利性组织的位受访者[个案A，B， C]倾向于X理论（性恶论），但会因被领导者的级别、组织特性、组织规模及组织环境的变化而有所改变；而来自高校的两位受访者则倾向于Y理论（性善论）的假设。

2、女性领导者并不都如笔者想象的那样采取民主式的领导风格，而是针对具体清况也会采取如独裁或放任式的领导方式。

3、几位受访者并不是采用目前较为普遍的交易型的领导，而以变革型领汁为主。看来女性领导者的创新精神并不亚于男性，正是她们这种创新和求变的领导方式使她们能脱颖而出，取得事业的成功。

4、女性领导者并不都是采取以员工为中心的上作方式，相反，有一的甚至明确表示以工作为中心。她们表现出了超强的工作精力和工作热情。

5、女性领导者并非使用单一的性别特质来进行领导。有的采用中性特质，有的甚至采用男性特质，或是揉合男性与女性的领导特质来担任领导者的角色。

    总之，通过一个多月的实地访谈，通过与那些优秀女性面对面的交流，使我深刻体会到:女性不是弱者。她们有着与男性一样的工作热情和工作能力，她们充满活力，充满魅力。只要有公平的机会，她们不比男性逊色！

关键词：性别角色；女性领导；领导魅力；领导风格

Abstract：For a long time, the female are always being relatively weak position in society. They are bound up because of the influence of thousands years of Feudal thoughts. They are discriminated and got rid of the mainstream of society, their voice are submerged in the world where the male control the most things of the society.

    With the development of history and the progress of society, the female’s society position has increased tremendously. The female take part in such as science, education, culture, sports and political fields etc. Among them, a great many of female leaders have come into being, and they out of question are the excellent represents of the female. This essay is mainly study the special colony, i.e. how the female leaders show their leadership charisma and leadership styles in this society where the male are still the main controllers. At the same time, I wish this essay may provides some direction and reference for more female leaders, and it may provides some help for those female who are going to be excellent leaders in future.

      This essay was completed through interviewing a few female leaders, and then analysis and comprehend their ideas according to the interview. Considering the different characteristics of organizations, I interviewed 6 female leaders come from enterprise, government and university respectively. Among them, three from enterprise(one from the state-owned enterprise, one from private enterprise and the other from foreign enterprise), one from government, and the other two from university. Through interviewing them face to face, I try to capture their wonderful working methods and catch their working experiences, so that to analysis their leadership charisma and leadership styles.

    I discover after studying that there are a lot of familiar parts for the female’s leadership charisma and leadership styles. Of course, all of them have their own leadership characters. The discoveries are as follows:

1 .Leadership charisma:

    i,  All the interviewees agree that “feeling factor” acts as an important role in their leadership. They believe that “touching people with feelings” will “get twice the result with half the effort”, which shows that their exquisite feelings, their love and kind hearts will tremendously advance their leadership work, while, these are their advantages compare with the male. the interviewees agree that kindness and feeling are their exceptional advantages. The special “maternal instinct” love of the female’s are surely to melt every freezing heart.

ii,  All interviewees agree that “action is louder than speaking”, “doing in person” is one of their important working principles, therefore, all of them will set up “role model” in the course of working.

iii,  The saying goes: “women are not weaker than men”, the interviewees believe that there are no difference between women leadership abilities compare with men’s. The difference lies in the leadership behaviors.

iiii, It is confidence that makes them charisma, which leaves me deep impression. Confidence is the main factor for their success.

2. Leadership styles

i. The study discovers that the three interviewees who come from enterprises think their employees are belong to X theory, however, they will change their ideas according to the employees level, the organizational characters, organizational scale and organizational environment.  While, the two interviewees who come from university believe that their employees belong to Y theory.

ii. Not all female leaders take democratic leadership style, they will take such as dictatorship or noninterference leadership styles in accordance with the change of environment.

iii. The interviewees don’t take use of transactional leadership which is widely used at present, however, they mainly take transformational leadership. It shows that the female leaders’ innovation spirit is not lower than that of the male’s, which makes them outstanding and succeed in enterprise.

iiii. Not all the female leaders take “employee orientation” leadership style, on the contrary, some of them even take “task orientation” leadership style. They show high energy and working enthusiasm.

iiiii. This study also discovers that not all female leaders exert only one gender character on leadership, some of them take use of neutral character leadership, some even take use of male character leadership, some combine male character with female character in their leadership role.

In short, through interviewing in person for more than one month and communication with them face to face make me believe that: women are not the weak! They have the same working enthusiasm and working abilities, they are energetic and charisma! as tong as there are fair opportunities, they will do as well as men!

Key Words: gender mechanical impression; gender role; female leader; leadership charisma, leadership style

（刘桂花  四川大学硕士研究生学位论文）