——基于深圳市南山区教育局的个案研究

摘  要：在当前基础教育改革全面推进的背景下，研究教育局长的领导有效性显得非常重要。对这一问题的研究，不仅有利于人们更好地理解“实在性”层面下的各种教育领导行为，还有利于促使教育领导者对自身的领导有效性进行反思，同时，该研究也将拓宽以往教育管理研究中教育领导的外延。本文采用了教育管理实地研究范式，真实地展现了一位扎根于基层的教育局长的领导生活世界，结合各方人员的不同理解，构建了本土意义上的领导有效性模式。

    本研究主要分为八个部分。首先，本文基于当前教育领导研究的现状，采用语义分析法界定了领导及其领导有效性概念，并提出了研究假设。第二部分主要展示了笔者此次实地研究的旅程，并对研究范式以及个案的选择缘由进行了说明。第三部分是对研究个案的全面展现，描述了L局长一天、一周、一月以及一年的工作实境，分析了其在这些不同时段的工作特点，并从笔者自身的理解角度反思了L局长的领导困境。第四部分选取了五个领导案例，分别就L局长在战略规划、人力发展、决策、协调和科研指导方面所体现出来的领导策略进行了分析，展示了L局长在思想引领、用人、行政推进、领导艺术以及专业发展这五个重要方面的领导。第五部分笔者从领导概念出发，以“影响力”为核心，提出了领导有效性模式，从观念层面、手段层面和资源层面三个方面具体回答了L局长是“如何做到有效领导”这一问题。在第六部分，笔者分别采撷了来自教育行政组织领导者、理论研究者、实践工作者以及自身四个方面的对话材料，对“领导有效性”问题进行了一种多角度的争鸣、透析和反思。最后，笔者基于本研究所对领导有效性因素得出的结论，对新世纪基层教育行政组织领导的未来走向进行了展望。由此，笔者认为:领导有效性是一种具体环境下领导绩效的展现，它既有共性，也有个性，它既表现在宏观层面，又体现在一些细微方面;从追求未来领导走向成功的角度出发，未来领导者应该注意领导工作的“生态性”，重视“人”的问题，有效转变机构职能，关注自身发展，求得一种领导者“隐退”的境界。

关键词：教育局长；领导；有效性；个案；实地研究

Abstract: It’s very important to research the efficiency of leadership of the superintendent in the context of the Basic-Education reform, especially when it makes a full advancement. Researching this problem will benefit our understanding to the Educational leader’s behavior on the view of factuality. At the same time, it will urge the Educational leaders to rethink by themselves. also, it will increase the extension of the Educational administration’s object. In this paper, the author applies the Field-Research paradigm of Educational administration, showing us a superintendent realistic life in  his working domain,  which designs an autochthonous mode about the efficiency of leadership.

    There’re eight chapters in this paper. In the beginning, the author analyses the concept of leadership and the efficiency of leadership with semantic analysis, and puts forward some assumptions. In Chapter Two, the author shows his field-research in detail. In the following chapter, the author describes the superintendent’s work in one day, in a week, in a month, and in one year. Analyzing the superintendent’s characters of work during different periods, at the same time, the author rethinks the superintendent’s puzzledom on leadership. In Chapter Four, the author selects five cases about the superintendent’s leadership, analysing his leadership in strategic programs, in human resources, in decision-making, in accordance, and in scientific research guiding. Through these, we can understand how the superintendent leads the staffers’ educational ideas, how to employ, how to apply the administrative strategies, how to exhibit his arts of leadership, and how to show his accomplishment of educational specialty. In Chapter Five, the author puts forward a mode about the efficiency of leadership, and answers the question of “how to achieve the leadership’s efficiency”. In a word, the efficiency of leadership exists in three aspects: the first is leading concept, the second is leading means, the last is leading resources. In Chapter Six, the author presents the connotation about leadership and the efficiency of leadership from many perspectives after discussing with theorists, administrators and practical workers. At last, according to the above discussions, the author draws a picture of the leadership for the 21 century. On all accounts, the author concludes that

the efficiency of leadership must be understanding of reality, and there’re some commonness as well as individuality. As an educational leader, he must recognize the character of leadership in ecospecies, gay special attention to the staffers, shift the organizational function, focus on his inner development, and achieve the state of  “Unleadership”.

Key words: superintendent; leadership; efficiency; case; field-research

（蒋和勇  南京师范大学硕士研究生学位论文）