摘  要：众所周知，美国的教育水平在世界各国名列前茅。其教育体制、教育理念等都曾经对我国产生过重要的影响。20世纪80年代，我国的基础教育由应试教育转向素质教育，学校在宣传和推行素质教育的同时，校长的领导还存在许多问题，影响其领导有效性的因素又是纷繁复杂的。本论文希望通过对影响美国中小学校长领导有效性的因素分析，为我国中小学校长的有效领导提供一些有益的意见。

    全文共分引言、正文、结语、参考文献等。

    引言部分：主要介绍了本论文问题的由来，研究的理论及现实意义，并对文中所涉及的领导、学校领导、校长领导有效性、影响校长领导有效性的因素等概念进行了分析和界定。

    第一部分：从外在因素、内在因素、内外在因素的关系三个方面详细分析中小学校长有效领导的影响因素。

    第二部分：分析影响美国中小学校长有效领导的外在因素，主要从社会环境因素和学校环境因素两大方面进行阐释。

    第三部分：采用文献研究法，阐明影响美国中小学校长有效领导的内在因素。

    第四部分：首先对影响美国中小学校长领导有效性的影响因素进行总结，然后分析我国中小学校长有效领导的特点及存在的问题，通过对中美两国该情况的比较分析，进一步探讨美国中小学校长有效领导对我国的启示。

    结语部分：该部分对全文进行了大致的总结，同时指出中美两国国情不同，面对美国的经验，我们应该结合我国国情，切记盲目借鉴，照搬照抄。

关键词：美国；中小学校长；有效领导；影响因素；外在因素；内在因素

Abstract：It is well known that the educational level of U. S. is on the top of the world, and its educational system, educational thought、educational methods and so on have ever affected our nation very much. Since the 1980s, China's basic education begins to transform from examination-oriented education to ability oriented education. there are many questions of basic educational principals' view, and they should be solved as soon as possible. American basic educational principals have their unique features. The aim of this thesis mainly is that by comparative research on influent factors of American basic educational principals, we can learn some advanced ideas, and borrow some theories and experiences for Chinese basic educational principals.

    The thesis mainly include foreword, text, epilogue, reference.

    The part of foreword: mainly introduce the origin of this thesis, academic and practical meaning of the research, and also definite basic educational principals;  effective leading; influent factors; external factors; internal factors and so on.

    The part of the text also has four chapters:

    The first chapter analyzes the influent factors of basic educational principals' effective leading ,mainly from three aspects--external factors, internal factors and the relationship external factors and internal factors.

    The second chapter analyzes the external influent factors of American basic educational principals' effective leading ,mainly from two aspects--social factors and school factors.

    The third chapter analyzes the internal influent factors of American basic educational principals' effective leading by some useful materials and some cases.

    The forth chapter analyzes the features of American basic  educational principals' effective leading, and discusses the advantages and problems of Chinese situation on this issue. Then I ,the writer comparatively analyze the influent factors of U.S. and China, further discuss the enlightenment of American basic educational principals' effective leading to Chinese situation on the issue

    The part of epilogue concludes the whole text, and points out that because of different situation of U.S .and China, there may be some differences in reasons and characters of the problems, so when we borrow experiences from America, we should combine Chinese situation in practice. Avoid blind borrowing and coping by all means.

Key words: America; Basic educational principals; Effective leading;Influent factors; External factors;  Internal factors

（李若梅  东北师范大学硕士研究生学位论文）