——基于武汉市武昌区四所学校正校长的访谈

摘  要：在经济全球化背景下，国家适时地提出了科教兴国战略，将教育提升到非常重要的地位，中小学基础教育是其中重要的一环，而作为学校教育活动主体的领导者——校长，对学校发展的起着决定性作用，他的能力高低决定着一所学校的命运，“一位好校长就是一所好学校”的观念越来越被世人所认同，因此，对优秀校长领导能力的研究就具有很大的社会意义。

    领导力问题的研究是近年来学术界关注的一个热点，研究范围主要集中在企业管理、行政管理领域，对教育领域尤其是中小学校长这个特殊群体的专题研究较少，因此笔者希望通过对中小学校长这一群体的研究，进行一些有益的尝试。

    优秀中小学校长所具备的领导力是多方面的，是由个性品质、民主意识、办学理念、领导方法和艺术等多种因素交互作用的结果。优秀校长领导力的成长是一个很复杂的过程，要经历职前预备、岗位适应、称职、成熟、创新等多个阶段的发展。领导力成长的影响因素在各个成长阶段会有所不同，也因人而异，主要有自身努力等主观因素和制度保障、学校环境等客观因素的影响。

    目前，校长领导力成长还主要是靠校长自生式的成长，上级主管部门可以通过完善选拔、考核、培训等制度促进校长领导力的成长，校长自身也可以通过有意识的训练提高自身的领导力。

关键词：中小学校长；领导力；领导素质；领导力成长

总  结：

1、经过访谈发现，优秀校长所具备的领导能力有：不同常人的个性品质；以人为本的民主意识；明晰的办学理念；卓越的领导方法和艺术。

2、影响校长领导力成长的因素有主观因素和客观因素。主观因素包括对工作执着认真、宽以待人、肯吃亏、很强的学习力、自我调节能力和不怕失败的精神。客观因素包括任职时间、主管部门政策支持、学校内部环境和学校外部社会环境。

3、校长领导力的成长过程主要有：职前预备期、岗位适应期、称职期、成熟期和创新期。

4、校长领导力成长还主要是靠校长自生式的成长，上级主管部门可以通过完善选拔、考核、培训等制度促进校长领导力的成长，校长自身也可以通过有意识的训练提高自身的领导力。

Abstract: Under the economic globalization, China has put forward the strategy of revitalizing the nation through science and education, education is promoted to the vital position, in which the elementary education in elementary and secondary schools is very important part. The principals, as leaders in educational activates, who play the decisive role in school development, whose capacity determining the destiny of a school, more and more people agree with the idea "one good principal means one good school", so it's socially meaningful for the research on leadership in excellent principals.

    Leadership  research, a hot issue in academic circles, focusing mainly in the fields of enterprise management and administration. A few specific research for the leadership of the principals in elementary and secondary schools can be found. I hope to do beneficial attempt to principal group.

    There are many aspects of leadership in excellent principals, such as character quality, democratic consciousness, school-running idea, methods and arts of leadership. It is a complicated process in leadership growth of excellent principals，in which going through stages of pre-duty, fitting for job, competency, maturation, innovation etc. Influence factors differing from different stages and people, including subjective factors, like self-efforts and objective factors, like system insurance and  school environment etc.

    Currently, leadership growth of excellent principals mainly relies on self-cultivation, higher authority can advance leadership growth by improving selection, evaluation and training system, principals can also promote their leadership through professional training.

Key words: Principal in Primary and Secondary School; Leadership Quality;   Leadership Growth; Leadership

（贾果强  华中科技大学硕士研究生学位论文）