摘 要:组织承诺是认同组织价值、对组织高度投入与留在组织的强烈信念与倾向。对员工组织承诺的研究,始于企业管理,并口益受到管理学与心理学研究者的重视,尤其是在西方管理学界相关研究颇多成果丰硕。将组织承诺概念引入教育领域,可谓西方教育管理理论与实践研究的一大创新,我国有部分学者己经开始了在这方面的探索,但是教师组织承诺问题在我国学术界并未受到应有的重视。针对这一状况,本论文以教师组织承诺为切入点,在阅读大量文献资料的基础上对组织承诺的概念、分类与影响因素进行了分析,并采用问卷调查与访谈的方法以获得我国目前中小学特别是那些条件相对落后的中小学校中教师组织承诺的真实状况,重点分析其与校长领导方式的关系,目的在于:第一,引起学术研究者对教师组织承诺的关注;第二,帮助校长用适当的方法把握学校中教师组织承诺水平和特点,并对症下药,既能稳定优秀的教师队伍又能有效地激励全体教师。通过问卷调查并结合相关访谈,我发现教师的组织承诺虽受诸多因素影响,其中包括教师自身背景因素、学校组织的因素,但这些因素都不是主要因素,它们需要通过校长领导方式起作用。而在我国中小学校中,目前的状况是校长往往对自己的领导方式处于一种无意识状态,这对提高教师组织承诺产生了消极影响。因此,本研究建议:校长在采用适当的方法以把握本校教师组织承诺水平与特点的基础上,提高自身素质、改进领导方式,从而提升教师的组织承诺水平,并最终促成学校教育目标的达成。
关键词:组织承诺;领导方式;中小学;教师;校长
总 结:
1、校长应客观地了解教师对学校组织承诺的水平和特点,这是提高教师组织承诺的基本前提。
2、从影响教师组织承诺的个人因素出发,学校管理者应在客观了解教师组织承诺水平和特点的基础上进行“对症下药”。
3、从影响教师组织承诺的组织因素(校长领导方式)出发,学校管理者可以通过以下方式来提升教师的组织承诺水平:校长应加强自身的理论修养,掌握多种领导方式,并懂得结合学校实际灵活地运用各种领导方式。
Abstract:Organizational commitment is an important conception in corporation management, especially in the Western countries,many people do a great deal of researches in this field. In 1960s, professors began to use this conception in educational administration, it was a great innovation.
The paper discusses the conception of teachers' organizational commitment, arranges it on different principles, and discusses factors which can affect it. In order to obtain unfeigned information about teachers' organizational commitment in primary and middle schools, the writer use the method of questionnaire and interview based on reading a lot of datum. In the whole research, we emphasize the relationship between headmasters' leadership and teachers' organizational commitment; we charge leadership as the most important factor which affect teachers' organizational commitment.
In this research, we find out that the mass of headmasters can't get on to what leadership they should use, it is no doubt that this can bring down teachers' interest to do effort. So, we suggest that, firstly headmasters should know the level and feature of teachers' organizational commitment by investigation; secondly they should improve themselves in professional skills, reform their leaderships, so that they can improve the level of teachers' organizational commitment in their schools, and promote the schools to reach their aim ultimately.
Key words: Primary school; headmaster; teacher; organizational commitment; leadership
(左明燕 东北师范大学硕士研究生学位论文)