摘  要：随着学校变革的加快，校长作为学校改革与发展的主要领导者，自然成为教育研究者们普遍关注和研究的对象。自20世纪80年代以来，文化管理研究兴起，逐步蔓延到教育领域，越来越多的研究者也就视线转向了学校，继而开始研究学校文化领导以及如何构建良好的学校文化。校长作为学校的领导者，在面对学校变革时如何建设学校文化，怎样根据学校在管理中的不同特点，发挥领导能力，并且如何根据时代变革要求相应的提升自身领导特质，这些问题的研究对于教育管理的理论与实践都具有深远的意义。

    本文选取了新疆石河子市三位具有代表性的优秀中小学校长作为个案，采取实证研究方法，通过搜集和整理相关资料和深入的访谈，对他们如何建设学校文化进行了深入系统的描述和分析。研究从三方面进行逐层深入的展开，第一步对领导特质理论进行梳理和阐述，从学校文化的内容结构上进行理论分析，在此基础上展开研究。第二步对个案校长的成长经历和背景以及他们如何建设学校文化进行细致的个案描述，在此基础上分析校长在学校文化建设的各个方面所表现出来的领导特质，运用“大五人格模型”量表对校长的人格特点进行测量，从而验证上述分析结果。最后在肯定个案学校文化建设成果的基础上，总结出校长对于学校文化建设的影响路径，提炼出具有普遍意义的优秀校长应该具备的领导特质。

    在此研究思路上，本研究对个案分析的结果做了总结，认为校长在学校文化建设中从深到浅依次为以精神文化建设为基础，制度文化为保障，行为文化和物质文化为最外显的表征这一路径系统构建的。从人格特质、动机特质和技能特质三方面总结出个案校长所具有的领导特质，并结合实际提出了相应的提升策略。本研究对校长如何建设学校文化以及自身应具备哪些领导特质具有现实的指导意义。

关键词：校长；领导特质；学校文化；建构

总  结：

1、校长领导特质可以分为三个大的层面，即：人格特质、动机特质和技能特质。

2、校长对学校文化建设的重要影响具体表现在：（1）校长人格特质对学校精神文化的形成产生重要的导向作用；（2）校长的动机特质和技能特质为学校文化建设的顺利推进提供保障。

3、提升校长领导特质的建议：（1）加强自身知识结构和管理经验的学习；（2）注重自身情感、态度、价值观的培养；（3）加强道德修养，完善校长的角色发挥；（4）注重整体性思维能力的提升。

Abstract：Along with the accelerate transformation of the school, principal as the main leader of school reform and development, has become the study object of education researchers and generally pay more attention to it naturally. From the 1980's, with the influence of the cultural management, more and more researchers turn to study the school development, and try to find out what's the leadership of the school cultural and how to construct the school cultural. The principal as the school leaders, how to construct school culture in the face of school reform, how to according to different characteristics of school management to improve the leadership, and according to the required era to enhance their leadership traits, the research of these problems has a profound significance for the teaching theory and practice of education management.

    This thesis selects three outstanding principals from primary and secondary school of Xinjiang Shihezi City as a representative case, adopting empirical research method, through collecting and collating relevant information and in-depth interview,  described and analyzed how they construction school culture systematically. Study on the layers in depth analysis from three aspects, the first step elaborates the leadership trait theory and analyzing from the content and structure of school culture, research on the basis. The second step has descript the background and growth experience and of case principal and how they construction school culture, then analysis their leadership traits of the principal shown in all aspects of school culture construction, using the “Big Five Model of Personality” scale measured the personality characteristics of the principals, which verified the above analysis results. Finally, based on affirming the case school culture construction achievements, summarizes the principal influence on school culture construction path, extract of universal characteristics of leadership of the outstanding principal should have.

    On this basis, this paper gives a summary of case analysis, concluded that the headmaster in the school culture construction from deep to surface shows the path, the spiritual cultural construction as the basis, system culture for security, behavior culture and material culture are the surface, this is the path of construction system. Summed up the case principal has the leadership traits from the personality traits, motivation traits and skills characteristics from three aspects, and puts forward corresponding promotion strategies. The study on the construction of school culture and what's leadership qualities should they have take a significance practical guiding.

Key words: Principal; Traits of leadership; School culture; Construction

（苏刚刚  石河子大学硕士研究生学位论文）