李楠

摘要：美国以“大熔炉”著称于世,其种族构成相当复杂。在种族矛盾依然严峻的当代美国,想了解他们的教育状况,就必须了解黑人教育。本文以1954年布朗诉托皮卡教育委员会案为切入点,以布朗案以后黑人追求平等受教育权轨迹为主要脉络,以美国黑人教育存的出路为核心,综合运用文献分析法,比较分析法,历史法以及案例法对黑人教育的历史沿革,案后针对消除种族隔离的教育政策法规,及黑人教育现状进行了探讨,指出种族隔离和歧视其实一直存在并将长期存在,在这种暂时无法改变的现实情况下,提出美国黑人教育发展的出路,并且结合黑人教育发展及黑人争取平等受教育权过程中的经验和教训,为我国少数民族及弱势群体教育发展提出具有一定理论和实践参考价值的启示。

本文分为五部分:第一章回顾1954年布朗诉托皮卡教育委员会案,描述了黑人教育历史以及种族隔离背景下的黑人教育。对布朗案的判决从两方面进行法理分析,并且从积极和消极两方面分析了布朗案对美国黑人教育产生的影响。

第二章着重阐述美国黑人受教育权的演进。布朗案推翻了“平等但隔离”原

则,宣布在公立教育中取消种族隔离政策。为了保证来之不易的受教育权,联邦

政府颁布了适用于各个阶段教育的法律政策,在进入新世纪,黑人总统奥巴马上

台以后黑人受教育权的进一步改善。总结了自布朗案以来,实施了一系列教育法

规政策后黑人教育的现状,种族歧视依旧根深蒂固,黑白教育鸿沟依然不可逾越。

第三章对黑人争取平等受教育权为何如此之难,从种族隔离区的抵制,布朗案执行的方向性错误,黑人在美国政治经济地位的不平等,及传统文化等五个方面进行了粗浅探讨。

第四章在承接上一章对黑人教育之所以不平等分析的基础之上,得出黑白教育不平等的最根本性的原因是种族歧视,并且在相当长一段时期内不可能消除。

第五章最后通过美国黑人教冇历史及其争取平等受教冇权的经历,提出对我国少数民族及弱势群体教育发展可供借鉴的三条意见和建议。

关键词: 美国,布朗案,黑人教育

Abstract：The United States of America is known as melting pot to the world, it's racial structure is complicated. To understand their education condition in the U.S. at the time where racial conflicts still existed, we need to understand the African American Education. This article focused on Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka and discusses the history of African American education, the social impact of Brown v. Board of Education and the current African American's education condition using literature review, historical method and case study method. It was clearly pointed out that racial separation and discrimination existed for a prolonged period of time and suggests strategies to improve their education quality. Through the review of African American Education's development and the process fighting for equal education, it provides valuable reference to improve the education for China's minority groups.

The thesis is divided into five chapters:

Chapter 1, Introduction of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka. Discuss the

history of African American Education under racial separation. Analyze both positive

and negative impact to African American's education after the case.

Chapter 2, Focus on the development of African American's fight for education

equality. The court's decision to abolish “separation but equal" is a great moment of the history. To ensure the decision by the court can be implemented efficiently, the government has launched different lawful procedures. In the new centuries, President

Barack Obama has improved the situation since his winning as President of the U.S. In a nut shell, even though there are a series of event happened to improve the education for African American, racial discrimination still exist.

Chapter 3, Discuss the following 5 aspects: Challenges for African American to

obtain equal education, protest of racial separation area, the mis-implementation of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, African American's social status in the U.S and traditional culture.

Chapter 4, Conclusion derived from the previous analysis in Chapter 3 shows that

the inequality of African American education is rooted by racial discriminate and couldn't be abandoned for a long period of time. Propose that the community should get out of "Tuskegee Road" and African American led education for African American Community as reference.

Chapter 5, Based on the understanding of the history of this issue, propose 3 strategies to improve and benefit the development of education for the minority groups in China.

Key Words: America, Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, blacks education

(李楠：管理学教育与经济管理专业)