张翠

摘要：黑人是美国种族大家庭中的一个特殊群体，他们的存在极大地影响了美国历史的进程。黑人作为美国领土上的独特种族一直都是社会学家、历史学家、法学家以及经济学家所关注的对象。从1620年第一批黑人到达美国本土到20世纪60年代的民权运动，美国黑人的政治地位经历了从奴隶到自由人，再到权利受明确保障的美国公民的巨大变化。随之而来的就是美国黑人教育的不断发展，从开始的黑人识字为犯罪，到建立最初的黑人学校，再到“隔离但平等”原则，最后到种族隔离的取消，美国黑人教育权利的变迁成为美国教育史不可或缺的一部分。论文以美国黑人教育权利为研究对象，在研究美国黑人的发展历史、政治地位等影响教育发展因素的基础上，具体分析了从美国黑人踏上美洲大陆以后的教育权利的发展与变迁，主要探讨了以下四部分内容：内战前的美国黑人奴隶制度的形成过程以及在黑奴制度下美国黑人教育权利的缺失和缓慢发展；美国黑人公民地位的确立和政治权利的争取以及导致美国黑人教育迅速发展的因素和成效；普莱西诉弗格森案的过程及美国黑人对自身教育权利的争取；二战后尤其在布朗控教育委员会案后的美国黑人民权运动对美国黑人教育权利的影响。通过分析可见，影响美国黑人教育问题彻底解决的因素既有美国历史上的奴隶制所带来的后遗症，还有美国白人根深蒂固的种族优越意识。美国黑人争取教育权利的变迁史告诉我们，要想医好这个顽症，真正达到法律和事实上的真正平等，仅仅依靠黑人自己的努力是不够的，政府的支持和整个社会的努力也是不可或缺的因素。

关键词：美国黑人教育；教育权利；隔离但平等原则；布朗控教育委员会案

Abstract: United States has been a object which sociologist, historian, jurist and economist pay close attention to. From 1620 the first batch of Native American blacks arrived to the civil rights movement happened in nineteen sixties, the African American political status changed from slavery to freedom, and then to the right of citizens of the United States explicitly guaranteed. Due to the change of political status, the black American education unceasing developed. At first, the black literacy is a crime, then they established   the first black school, and then the" separate but equal" principled, at last, the final abolition is apartheid. The efforts black American do for the education rights is a part of the history of American education.

      In this paper, the object of study is the black America's education. In the study of African American history, political status, influence the development of education on the basis of factors, analyzes on the development and changes of American continent from American blacks after the education rights, mainly on the following four parts: the African American slavery before the civil war and the formation of the American blacks in the slavery education lack of rights and slow development of African American citizens; the establishment of the African American citizenship and political rights struggle and the cause of African American education rapidly factors and effectiveness of development; the process of the Cixous Ferguson case and the fight African Americans do for their own right to education; after the Second World War, particularly after the process of Brown's control of the Board of Education case and the subsequent African-American civil rights movement impact the right to African Americans education. By the analyzing, we know the impact of solve the problem of African American education is the factors of the aftermath of slavery in the history of both the United States, as well as white American deep-rooted racial superiority consciousness. The hard history of African American fight for the right to education tells us, in order to cure this chronic problem, thereby achieving the law and in fact real equality, relying solely on blacks own efforts are not enough, government support and the entire community's efforts are also essential factor.

Keywords: African American Education Right to education Separate but equal principle Brown control board of education case

(张翠 教育史外国教育思想史方向西北师范大学硕士学位论文)