金萍

摘要：教育平等一直是人们关注的焦点问题,也是各国致力于解决并制定政策方针的根本出发点。自建国以来，我国在解决教育不平等问题，促进教育平等发展方面做了大量工作，并取得了显著的成效。但在社会转型和社会关系不断变革的今天，教育领域在原有问题的基础上又出现了一系列新型的问题，公民的教育平等面临着前所未有的严峻挑战。从法律角度来看，我国的教育立法制度存在严重缺陷，教育不平等问题普遍存在。美国是世界上最早普及高等教育的国家，也是教育法律体系最为完善的国家，从美国的高等教育平等发展进程来看，教育立法在国家的发展和社会稳定中起到关键和强有力的作用，因此，我们有必要从教育立法内容的角度来研究现代美国在促进高等教育平等方面所取得的进展，以及怎样解决不同时期的高等教育不平等问题，在这一进展中所取得的经验不但对美国的教育平等发展产生了深远的影响，对研究我国教育不平等问题、健全教育法制、保障弱势群体的教育平等权利、教育资金补助多样化等方面也有着很大的启示作用。

本论文共由五部分组成。第一部分为引言，简要介绍了本文的选题缘由及研究意义，通过分析现有的研究状况，提出了本文的研究创新点及不足；第二至四部分在回顾二战前高等教育平等发展历程的基础上，重点研究现代美国促进高等教育平等的主要措施与进展，以及进展中仍存的问题及形成原因；论文的第五部分综述了美国促进高等教育平等的基本经验，在对我国高等教育中不平等问题进行分析的基础上，总结出了一些建议及启示。

关键词：教育平等，美国高等教育，弱势群体

Abstract：Education equality has been the focus of attention, countries are also committed to resolve and serve it as a basic educational policy starting point Since the founding of the PRC, China has done a lot of work to solve the problem of inequality in education and to promote educational equality, then achieved remarkable results But along with the social transformation and social reform today, the field of education emerges a series of new problems based on the original problem, and faces with severe challenges in the protection and the realization of the equal education right From a legal point of view, China's higher education legislation system has serious defect, educational inequality common exist The united states is the earliest country in Higher Education Popularization，and it’s education law system is the most perfect states too. From the history of the development of the United States, the higher education equality legislation plays an important and powerful role in national development and social stability, therefore, it is necessary from the educational legislation content point of view to study the United States how to pass legislation to alleviate the problem of equality in higher education faces in each period, the above not only has a far-reaching influence on the American educational development , also has a great inspiration for research on Chinese educational equality issues, the perfection of education law, and the security of educational equality rights of the minority and the vulnerable groups, also the diversification of the educational funding.

The paper consists of five parts The first part is the introduction, briefly introduces the reasons and significance of the research, through the analysis of existing research status, proposes the innovation and deficiencies The second part to the four part reviews the history of the development of vulnerable group’s higher education equality before world war II, focus on the development process of the minority, women, poverty, and the disability from world war II to now, and analyzes the development of each stage and the equal questions in higher education of the United States , The United States how to use the educational legislation address these inequalities and the problems still in problem-solving process .The fifth part the results and the insufficiency of American educational equality developing process ,bases on the analysis of the equality of higher education in China, logically abstracted the enlightenment of the experience of the United States Legislation to our country.

Key words: Educational Equality, American Higher Education, Vulnerable Groups

(金萍 教育学教育史专业沈阳师范大学硕士学位论文)