农村小学教师“老龄”问题研究

摘要：改革开放以来，我国农村教师队伍建设取得了很大的成绩，但困难仍然较多，农村小学教师的“老龄”问题便是其中之一。贫困地区的农村小学教师整体年龄偏大，影响了农村义务教育的课程改革和教学质量的提高。笔者通过对部分地区的农村小学教师的调查，了解了当前农村小学教师“老龄”问题的现状及部分农村小学“老龄”教师工作及专业发展的情况，研究了有关问题的成因，并依据有关理论提出了解决问题的建议。

本论文分为四个部分。

第一部分阐述了农村小学教师“老龄”问题的相关理论。主要是依据“教师职业生涯周期”理论确定了45岁为“职业生涯”意义上的教师“老龄”标准，阐述了“教师职业社会化”视角下的教师职业“老龄”问题的本质。

第二部分说明了农村小学教师“老龄”问题的现状。通过对调研地区农村小学教师年龄结构的数据分析，说明了农村小学“老龄”教师的专业素质情况。

第三部分分析了农村小学教师“老龄”问题的原因。说明了以下五个原因:农村小学“民转公”的教师比例大;基础教育不合格教师的退出机制不健全;农村小学新教师补充十分困难;农村学校骨干教师和青年教师的大量“外流”;地方政府为保“重点学校”，层层拔高使用中小学教师，等等。

第四部分提出了解决农村小学教师“老龄”问题及实现教师队伍“年轻化”的建议。主要措施有:清退农村小学教师中的“不合格”人员;开拓农村小学补充教师的新渠道;建立义务教育教师的合理流动机制;加大投入，保障农村小学的师资队伍建设;全面加强教师进修培训，提高农村小学教师的专业素质。

关键词:农村小学;教师“老龄”标准;“老龄”教师;教师年龄结构;教师专业发展;教师队伍建设

Abstract： Great achievements have made in Construction of Contingent of Teachers in rural areas since the reform and opening up, but there are lots of problems. The problem on the aging teachers is one of the problems. There are older teachers in rural primary schools in poorl areas, which impact the reform of the curriculum and the improvement of the teaching quality. The author investigates the teachers in primary school in rural areas, understands the current situation, working conditian and professional development of the aging teachers, analyzes how the probiem of aging teachers appeared in primary schools in rural areas and gives some suggestions to alleviate the problem of the aging of the teachers.

The study includes four parts:

The theoretical principle on the problems of aging teachers in primary schools in rural areas is elaborated in part 1 .According to the professional career cycle theory, the age of 45 is defined as the criterion of aging teachers based on the professional career. Besides，the nature of issue about aging teachers is expounded under the perspective of socialization of teachers.

    The present situation investigation on the aging problem of the teachers in primary school in rural areas is illustrated in Part 2. In this part, the author sums up the professional qualities of the aging teachers by collecting and cleaning and analyzing the data.he causes of aging in primary schools in rural areas is analyzed in Part 3. There are high range of the teachers who are regular teacher now but did not receive the normal remuneration from the government before, below standard teacher is hard to secede, the supplement of the new teachers is difficult, the prominent teacher cannot kept, and the teachers are raised artificially.

Some feasible suggestions solving the problems of aging teachers in primary schools in rural areas  and making the primary school teachers younger is made in Part The suggestions include: seceding incompetent teachers, supplement new teachers from multichannel, improvement the material welfare, the optimization of the training strategy.

Key words: primary schools in rural areas; the criteria of the aging teachers; the aging teachers; the age structure of teachers; the professional development of teachers; the construction of teaching staff

（洪俊 2010级东北师范大学课程与教学论硕士学位论文）