美国弱势群体的教育补偿及其对我国的启示

摘要：二战后的20世纪五六十年代，美国的民权意识提高，国内的民权运动高涨，教育领域也受到了重大影响，随着弱势群体的教育问题受到越来越多的关注，美国也颁行了一系列教育政策，施行了各项补偿措施，成为世界上较早对弱势群体进行教育补偿的国家之一。本文共分为4个部分，第一部分阐述教育公平和教育补偿的概念以及二者的关系；第二部分论述美国对弱势群体的界定，包括弱势群体的概念、种类、基本特征，以及对美国社会发展的影响；第三部分论述美国历年来的教育补偿政策，分析其有效性和不利影响;第四部分总结美国弱势群体教育补偿的有益经验，对我国现行的教育补偿政策和措施进行分析，并试图针对其存在的问题和缺陷提出一些合理意见。

关键词：弱势群体；教育公平；教育补偿；补偿政策；启示

The compensatory education of the vulnerable group of the United States and its enlightenment to our country

Abstract：In 1950s to 1960s， after World War II，as increased American civil rights consciousness and civil rights movement， education has been influenced greatly. As the education of the vulnerable groups getting more attention， the United States enacted a series of education policies， having implemented compensation measures， which became the first country that offer compensation for vulnerable groups in the world. This thesis is consisting of four parts. The first part explains the equality of education， compensatory education and the relationship between them. The second part discusses how the Americans define disadvantaged groups， including the definition， variety， characteristics of them and their affection to the development of the American society. The third part analyzes the compensatory policies of education in America， including the availabilities and negative influences of them. The fourth part concludes the profitable experiences of America to us and analyzes the compensatory policies of education in our country， then tries to give some reasonable advises.

Keywords: Vulnerable groups， education equity， compensatory education， American policies， useful experiences

(赵紫钰 教育学原理专业苏州大学硕士学位论文)