美国中小学校长在职培训研究——以加利福尼亚州为例

摘要：美国中小学校长在职培训是校长专业发展的一个非常重要的环节，对促进校长持续发展和终身学习有着极其重要的意义。可以这样说，在职培训的好坏不仅影响着中小学校长的教学领导力，也影响着学生的学习质量、教师发展以及学校改进，同时决定着校长专业发展整个职业生涯的发展模式。

美国中小学校长在职培训机构众多、内容丰富、形式多样、保障体制完善，极大地促进了美国中小学校长专业发展。我国中小学校长在职培训起步晚，目前还缺乏较完善的组织和制度保障。因此，我国有必要学习和借鉴别国有益的教育经验，建立更加完善的在职培训体系。本文力图通过案例分析美国中小学校长在职培训实施，为我国中小学校长在职培训的发展提供有益的参考与借鉴。

本论文共分为六个部分，首先是引言部分，主要包括问题的提出、研究的意

义、研究方法等。论文正文分为五部分。

第一部分主要论述了美国中小学校长在职培训发展基础以及发展历程。

第二部分是论文的主要部分，从美国中小学校长在职培训的实施着手，论述了美国中小学校长专业标准、机构、内容、模式和评价体系。

第三部分是对美国中小学校长在职培训的具体实施情况采用案例形式加以分析。

第四部分论述了美国中小学校长在职培训实施的保障条件。

第五部分阐述了美国中小学校长在职培训的经验以及对我国进行中小学校长在职培训的启示。

关键词：美国；中小学校长；在职培训

总结：一、中小学校长在职培训模式：1.问题为中心的学习模式；2.同辈互助模式3.情境模拟型模式

二、美国中小学校长在职培训的保障条件：（一）外部保障条件1.培训的财政支持2.制度条件3.培训项目的支持（二）内部保障条件研究表明，校长专业发展的动力主要源于校长自身发展的内在性和价值性。内在动力主要体现在自我价值的实现和对教育理想的不断追求。

三、美国中小学校长在职培训的经验：1.中小学校长在职培训内容具有针对性和时效性2.培训方法多样化,满足中小学校长培训需求3.获得联邦与各州的财政支持,保障培训工作顺利进行4.获得持续性的专业发展支持

三、美国中小学校长在职培训对中国的启示：1.加强教育立法，构建专业标准，使中小学校长在职培训制度化、规范化2.注重参与者的内在学习需求和学习动力，促进自身的发展与完善3.改革中小学校长在职培训内容，更加注重实用性和针对性4.改革中小学校长教学方法和手段，加强在职培训的实效性

Abstract: Primary and secondary school principals in-service training is a significant phase in principals professional development process and it is meaningful and helpful in accelerating continuous principals professional development and lifelong learning. We can say that the quality of the Primary and secondary school principals in-service training will influence not only their instructional leadership, their quality of students learning, the development of teachers and school improvement, but also principals professional development pattern in the whole career.

Primary and secondary school principals in-service training has a variety of institute, rich content, a variety of forms and security system. They all promote Primary and secondary school principals professional development. Primary and secondary school principals principal in-service training begins late in our country. At present it lacks of perfect systematic organization and system security. It is especially necessary for us to study and learn from other countries so that we can set up perfect in-service training. This thesis adopt cases to analyze implement of Primary and secondary school principals in-service training, which provide us reference and inspiration.

The thesis is divided into six parts. First, it is the introduction. It contains proposing issues, the significance, methods. The main body includes five parts.

The first part discusses developmental basis and history of Primary and secondary school principals in-service training.

The second part is the major part of this article. It begins implement of Primary and secondary school principals in-service training, including professional standards of Primary and secondary school principals ,institute, content and evaluation system.

The third part is specific analysis of implement cases of primary and secondary school principals in-service training .

The forth part summarizes security conditions of implement of primary and secondary school principals in-service training.

The fifth part discusses successful experience of implement of primary and secondary school principals in-service training and inspiration for primary and secondary school principals in our country.

Key Words: US; Primary and secondary school principals; in-service training

（焦阳 比较教育学专业基础教育比较方向东北师范大学硕士学位论文）