内蒙古自治区校长队伍管理建设中存在问题及对策研究

摘要：中小学校长是办好学校的关键人物，是发展教育必不可少的重要角色。陶行知先生说：“校长是一个学校的灵魂”。因此，加强中小学校长队伍建设，对于中小学坚持社会主义办学方向，全面贯彻党和国家的教育方针，深化基础教育改革，促进基础教育发展，培养千百万合格的社会主义事业建设者和接班人具有十分重要的作用。

近年来，国家和自治区各级政府及教育行政部门十分重视中小学校长队伍建设，从理顺中小学校长队伍管理体制、健全中小学校长选任制度、加强中小学校长队伍培训，提高中小学校长队伍素质，强化对校长的考核、监督等方面做了大量工作，中小学校长队伍整体素质进一步提高，促进了我区基础教育改革的进一步深化和教育质量的不断提高。

基础教育改革的不断深入和自治区经济社会的快速发展，对基础教育人才培养提出了更高要求，也对校长素质提出了更高要求。用新的要求审视目前我区校长队伍管理现状，可以发现，我区校长队伍在管理体制、选任办法、培训方法、考核监督等方面都存在着不相适应的问题。这些问题，制约着我区中小学办学水平的提高和特色学校的形成，也影响着我区中小学教育教学水平和教学质量的提高。建立与基础教育改革和推进素质教育要求相适应的中小学校长管理体制和运行机制，充分发挥校长的办学主动性和创造性，是基础教育人才培养质量的需要，也是教育行政部门义不容辞的责任。

本文重点分析了内蒙古自治区中小学校长队伍及管理工作中存在的主要问题，论述了解决内蒙古自治区中小学校长队伍存在问题的主要对策。其基本论点是：中小学校长的“官本位”意识比较严重，教育行政部门管理校长的职能弱化，校长选任标准执行不严，校长培训的实效性不高，对校长的考核监督不力，等等是自治区中小学校长管理建设中存在的主要问题；解决这些问题的主要对策是：一、理顺管理体制，实现管人与治事相统一；二、取消校长行政级别，实行校长职级制；三、改革任用办法，完善任职条件；四、加强培养培训工作，提高校长素质；五、健全考核制度，发挥激励功能；六、畅通监督渠道，提高反腐防变能力。

这一研究，有利于进一步明确校长的职责、定位，有利于加强中小学校长队伍建设，有利于促进基础教育的健康发展。

关键词：中小学校长，管理建设，问题与对策

总结：一、内蒙古中小学校长队伍管理建设中存在的主要问题

1.教育行政部门管理校长的职能弱化2.校长的“官本位”意识比较严重3.校长选任标准执行不严4.校长培训的实效性不高5.对校长的考核和权力监督力度不够

二、内蒙古中小学校长队伍管理建设中存在问题的原因分析

1.校长队伍管理体制不顺2.校长的角色定位不准3.校长选任办法比较单一4.校长培训的针对性不强 5.校长考核评价形式化倾向严重6.对校长的权力监督渠道不畅

三、针对对策的论述总结

本文虽然依据法律、法规、政策提出了一些解决校长队伍管理建设中存在问题的对策建议，但有些工作在实际执行当中仍存在着很大难度，比如，校长管理体制问题，由于校长有行政级别，因此，组织部门强调要坚持党管干部的原则，有行政级别的干部就必须要管，而取消行政级别，又必然要建立新的管理体系，这在短时间内又无法实施，因此，执行国家法律和政策就有困难。类似的问题，在管理中还存在，这就需要我们继续研究这些问题，积极探索新的有效办法，为加强校长队伍建设管理工作做积极的努力。

ABSTRACT：In the management of middle schools and primary schools, headmasters play a key and indispensable role. “The headmaster is the soul of a school,” said Mr. Tao Xingzhi, a well-known educator in China. The selection and training of headmasters of schools are vital to the socialist orientation, the implementation of the education policies of the CCCP and the Government, the further educational reform of the basic education, the improvement of the primary education and the training of the successors and constructors of the socialism.

In recent years, much attention has been paid to the selection and training of school headmasters at different levels of the governments and education departments in Inner Mongolia. Much work has been done in the areas such as the rationalization of the management system of school masters, the strengthening of the selection systems, the improvement of the training and the assessment and supervision of headmasters. The total quality of school headmasters has been further improved, which in turn contributes a great deal to the enhancement of the quality and the reform of the elementary education in Inner Mongolia.

Further reform of the elementary education and the rapid social and economic developments in Inner Mongolia pose further and higher demands for the personnel training of the elementary education and the quality of school headmasters. It can be found that there exist some problems in the management systems of school headmasters such as selection, training, check-up and supervision. These problems are hindrances to the further improvement of quality of the elementary education and to the establishment of the schools of special features. It’s the education department’s responsibility to set up the management systems of school headmasters thatmeet the demands of the reform of the elementary education and the need of quality education. Headmasters’ incentives to create new management methods have to be stimulated by the management systems.

The main problems existing in the management of school headmasters in Inner Mongolia have been analyzed in the paper and the possible solutions to the above problems have been put forward. The existing problems are as follows: school headmasters think of themselves as government officials and work with bureaucrat airs; the government education departments are weak in the management of headmasters; the standards of selection of headmasters are not fully implemented; the training of school headmasters is not efficient and effective as expected; the check-up and supervision of headmasters are incompetent. The solutions to the problems are as follows: the management systems of headmasters should be further rationalized and the education departments should be the sole departments in managing headmasters; the degrees of school headmasters should be set up and the existing official degrees of headmasters should be canceled; school headmasters’ qualifications, responsibilities, rights should be clarified; the selection of school headmasters should be reformed; school headmasters should be appointed; headmasters are fully responsible for the management of schools and have the right to manage school by themselves without outside interference; rewarding systems for headmasters should be established in order to rouse headmasters’ creativity and energetic activity; the check-up systems of headmasters should be improved; the supervision of headmasters should be strengthened in order to make them resistant to corruption.

This research will clarify headmasters’ responsibilities and obligations, and it will contribute to the construction of headmasters and to the better developments of the elementary education.

KEY WORDS ： School Headmasters, Management and Construction, Problems and Solutions

（张志宽 教育管理专业内蒙古师范大学硕士学文论文）