世界前70所大学校长遴选标准和程序研究
摘要：2011 年，我国开始了公开选拔大学校长的尝试，这潭沉寂多年的止水，终于泛起了涟漪。教育部选择东北师范大学和西南财经大学，首次尝试公开选拔高校校长。2012 年，教育部第二次在海内外公开选拔直属高校校长。此次，教育部选择了北京科技大学、北京中医药大学和中国药科大学三所直属高校进行公开选拔。改革开放至今，不断变化的社会形势改变着人们对高等教育的期待，高等教育的改革从未停止，大学校长专业化发展的呼声日益高涨。如何高效合理的选拔大学校长是一个必然命题，对中国高校校长的专业发展和高等教育的发展意义重大。
长期以来，我国大学校长选任停留在由上级任命的阶段，对大学校长选任的研究也相对匮乏，大学校长遴选问题尚未得到大学及相关部门应有的重视。作为学校的最高行政长官——大学校长是大学的灵魂，对大学的平稳运行、革故鼎新、进步发展都具有决定性的影响和作用。经过一系列的长期探索与改革，美国等国家的高等教育走在了世界高等教育的前列，美国大学校长的遴选制度也日趋成熟，涌现了一批带领美国大学走向卓越的优秀校长，其经验值得我们学习与借鉴。
本文选取英国《泰晤士报高等教育副刊》(The Times Higher Education)与 IDP教育集团全球首发的2011-2012年世界大学排名中前70名大学的校长作为研究对象，以个体特征、教育背景、职业背景、晋升轨迹作为一级维度，以大学校长的性别、年龄、最高学历、最高学位所属学科、单学科或交叉学科背景、有无在现任职学校的学习经历、有无在其他机构任职的经历、在其他单位的任职年限、有无在其他高校任职的经历、曾任职岗位的性质、在其他岗位的任职年限、遴选程序、遴选标准、上任时间及任期、大学排名、大学的发展概况等作为二级维度，对国外大学校长遴选标准和程序进行实证分析。并结合我国大学校长公开选拔的发展现状，有针对性地为确立我国大学校长遴选标准和程序提供实证数据和可行性建议。
关键词：大学校长；遴选；实证分析；建议
总结：本文在研究方法上采用文献法、比较法、理论研究法、归纳法、统计分析法。
一、国外知名大学校长遴选标准具有以下特征：
（1）男女性别比例为 5:1，现任校长上任年龄多集中在 51-60 岁年龄段。（2）国外大学校长任期比较长。（3）大部分校长就职过多所大学。（4）拥有丰富的教育管理者从业经历，成长路径多样化。（5）在担任校长前，校级管理者任职年限分布多样。（6）注重候选人的学术素质。（7）候选人要具备资金管理经验。（8）候选人要有愿景视野，要致力于提高学校的国际影响力。（9）候选人要具有人际交往能力，乐于倾听他人。（10）候选人具有文化多样性。（11）候选人能够处理好家庭和公共关系。
二、推进我国大学校长公开选拔改革的建议
1.对我国大学校长遴选标准上的建议
（1）提高候选人年龄要求。（2）增加具备校长任职经历的候选人比例。（3）提高遴选标准中对候选人任职年限的要求。（4）形成高校间灵活的校长流动机制。（5）增加对校长文化背景多样性的要求。（6）六、增加女性校长比例。（7）我国大学在选拔校长时，应削弱有现任职学校学习经历思维倾向的比重。
2. 对我国大学校长遴选程序上的建议
（1）丰富遴选委员会构成的多样性。（2）增加民主投票环节。（3）充分利用网络资源。
Abstract：In 2011, our country began to select university presidents in public, the pool of perennial water, is going to be on the ripples. The ministry of education chose Northeast Normal University and Southwest University of Finance and Economics, the first attempt, to open the president selection of college and university. In 2012, the ministry of education held another open selection at home and abroad for the second time, the universities contain the University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University. Since the reform and opening up, the changing social situation changes people expectation for higher education, higher education reform has never stopped, which is an increasingly louder call for the principal professionalization. How to select university presidents efficiently and reasonably is an inevitable proposition, the headmaster's professional development in colleges and universities in China is a great significance to the development of higher education.
For a long time, university president selection stays in appointed by government in China, the study of which is relatively scarce. University president selection problem has not taken attention of the related department. University president is the soul of the universities-as the highest executive official of the school, who has a decisive influence to the universities' smooth running, reform and innovation. American higher education has been among the forefront in the world after a series of long-term exploration and reform, and the professional development of American university principal is becoming increasingly sophisticated. A number of outstanding principals emerged that we can learn.
This dissertation selects Britain The Times Higher Education supplement with IDP Education group's global starting in 2011-2012 world university ranking top 70 universities’ principals as research object, with individual characteristics, education background, professional background, promotion path as a level 1 dimension, and with the university president's gender, age, highest degree, highest degree belongs, single disciplines or interdisciplinary background, whether has learning experiences in currently employed school, whether has served in other organization or not, the nature of it, the term of it, whether the president has experience working in other colleges or universities, the nature of the former position，the term of it, the selection standard, selection process, when did president took this position and the term, the university ranking, the development situation of university as a level 2 dimension. Through these aspects, we can analysis universities aboard empirically. And combining the development status of our university president open selection, we can target to provide empirical data and feasible suggestions to establishment of the university president selection system
Key words: University Presidents； Selection；Empirical Analysis； Suggestion
（任臻 教育经济与管理 高等教育管理方向 山东财经大学硕士学位论文）