摘要：“在家上学”在我国一些地方已成为一种表征明显、趋势突出的教育现象，体现出一定的“中国式”特点。在父母对公立学校的态度和对在家上学的认知以及在家上学的相关法律问题与教育费用等方面，中美在家上学存在很大的区别。在家上学所表露出的公立学校信任危机、公共教育价值取向背离以及教育不正之风等问题应引起深层次的社会关注与学理反思。
“在家上学”，亦称家庭学校、家庭教育等，通常指基础阶段的孩子以家庭为基础，在家庭内部接受由父母为主来担任教育者的有计划的教学、育人和管理活动，它是一种与正规学校教育相对而言的“非学校形态化”的教育形式。
1、在家上学现象在中国的表现：（1）直接在家自主施教；（2）间接购买教育服务。
2、在家上学所涉关键性问题的中美比较：（1）美国在家上学运动的主要缘由是父母普遍认为公立学校无法提供令他们满意的教育，而在我国，中国父母并没有上升到对公立学校“悲观失望”的程度，可以界定为一种“没有满足”的状态。（2）美国在家上学的父母及社会风气比较理性，是处于对孩子特殊教育、宗教信仰、公立学校不适应、校园安危等多种因素的考虑；而在我国，不少在家上学的父母是盲目跟风，他们对美国等国家的在家上学也略有所知，容易照搬照抄。（3）美国在家上学的“合法性”正处于一个成熟的过程，而我国在家上学还基本是“法律无涉”。（4）美国在家上学可申请奖学金或相关补助，而在我国这方面属于盲区。
3、我国“在家上学”现象反思：（1）在家上学体现的对学校教育的不信任问题值得重视。（2）在家上学一定程度上助长了教育不当行为与不正之风（教师开办补习班，家长盲目攀比）。（3）在家上学存在与公共教育价值取向相冲突的问题。
总之，在家上学现象应引起社会各界的广泛重视。
关键词：在家上学 公共教育 中美比较
Deep Analysis of “Home Schooling” in China: the comparison between China and America
Abstract: “home schooling”, which represented certain Chinese characteristics, has been an obvious and developing education phenomenon in some parts of China. There are many differences between China and America on home schooling, such as parents’ attitude to the public school, parents’ cognition about home schooling, relevant laws and educational expenses, etc. The society should pay attention to the trust crisis of public schools, the deviation of public education value and unhealthy tendency of education which reflected by home schooling.
“Home schooling”, also called home school/ home education, usually refers to the home-based teaching, educating and managing activities of primary stage children, which is organized mainly by parents as educators within home. Compared with formal schooling, it is a non-school form of education.
1. There’re two forms of “home schooling” in China: (1) parents teach directly at home; (2) indirectly teaching via purchasing education services.
2. Critical issues of the comparison of home schooling between China and America:
(1) In America, parents choose home schooling because generally they are not satisfied with the education that public schools provide; in our country, however, parents are not unsatisfied enough to feel “despair” of public schools, and they are just “unsatisfied”.
(2) In America, parents and social atmosphere are more reasonable, and they choose home schooling as a consideration of specific education, religion beliefs, public school maladjustment, campus safety and so on; In our country, a lot of parents are just following the trend blindly. They learned that there is home schooling in the US, and they just copy.
(3) The validity of home schooling in America is mature, but it remains a blank area in China.
(4) The American students that choose home schooling could apply for scholarships or brands, which is not available in our country.
3. The reflection of “home schooling” in our country:
(1) We should pay attention to the mistrust of school education that is embodied in home schooling.
(2) To some extent, home schooling is fostering unhealthy tendency of education (such as the teachers opening up tutorial classes, parents making blind comparisons and so on).
(3) There is a conflict of value orientation between home schooling and public education.
To sum up, home schooling should cause the whole society wide attention and significance.
Key words: Home Schooling, Public Education, Comparison between China and America
Author：He Wuhua (Sector of Development Plan, Hangzhou Electronic University, Hangzhou 310018)
(出处：《浙江社会科学》2012年第11期；作者：贺武华；整理：李智慧；翻译：王燕)