“不安故常”的探索

——俞子夷办学实践和思想研究

摘要：在民国小学教育界，俞子夷是一位很有影响的教育家。关于俞子夷的研究，已有不少。但集中探讨俞子夷在江苏省立第一师范附属小学和南京高等师范（东南大学）附属小学长达十四年的办学实践以及在此基础上所形成的教育思想的研究还不太多。有鉴于此，本文以俞子夷小学办学实践和思想为研究对象，借助大量一手史料，重点探讨俞子夷如何在办理两所小学的过程中逐步成长为“小教界的一个老大哥”，如何立足实际研究和科学试验，学习、借鉴西方的教育理论并在实践中有所变通和创造；如何能够实现理论与经验的交互创生并提出追求教育效力最大化的教育“经济”观以及校长应该成为“教师的教师”的校长观。

    除绪言和结语外，本论文主要包括五章：

    第一章：运用叙事研究的方法，通过梳理俞子夷如何由一位账房师爷的儿子到逐步与小学教育结缘的过程，着力揭示俞子夷的家庭教育、求学经历以及师友帮助对其今后办学的影响。

    第二章：运用叙事研究与理论分析相结合的方法，着重研究江苏一师附小师资优良，热衷教研的校风对俞子夷的影响：俞子夷赴欧美考察新教育的见闻：归国后俞子夷教育思想发生的变化及在一师附小所进行的引进职业教育元素以及试验新教学法的探索。

    第三章：以俞子夷领衔同事在南高师（东大）附小进行设计教学法实验为切入口，重点分析如何立足科学实验，结合附小实际对设计教学法进行变通和创造的历程，并阐述设计教学法实验对附小编制、教材、测验、练习等整体变革的影响：进而剖析俞子夷在实验设计教学法中的贡献和地位。

    第四章：着重分析俞子夷在多年担任小学校长的办学实践基础上提炼而成的追求教育效力最大化的教育“经济”观。主要剖析了它的丰富内涵以及思想价值。其中，它的丰富内涵与第二、三章相关部分有不同程度的呼应。

    第五章：结合俞子夷在两所小学担任校长的办学实践历程，重点探讨他对校长应该成为“教师的教师”这一校长观的理解。具体讨论校长为何要成为教师的教师以及校长当如何指导教师等问题，并适度引申出俞子夷校长观对当代校长的启示。

最后部分是结语，提出并论证俞子夷办学实践与思想的核心在于理论与经验交互生成的理路，并概括指出俞子夷办学实践与思想对推进当代教育家办学的启迪。

关键词：俞子夷；办学实践；设计教学法；教育“经济”观；教师的教师

总结：1、本文可以大致分为六个部分。第一部分主要是介绍俞子夷的成长过程，着重着力揭示俞子夷的家庭教育、求学经历以及师友帮助对其今后办学的影响。

2、第二部分则是研究江苏一师附小师资优良，热衷教研的校风对俞子夷的影响：俞子夷赴欧美考察新教育的见闻：归国后俞子夷教育思想发生的变化及在一师附小所进行的引进职业教育元素以及试验新教学法的探索。

3、第三部分重点分析如何立足科学实验，结合附小实际对设计教学法进行变通和创造的历程，并阐述设计教学法实验对附小编制、教材、测验、练习等整体变革的影响：进而剖析俞子夷在实验设计教学法中的贡献和地位。

4、第四部分着重剖析了俞子夷关于教育“经济观”的内涵以及思想价值。第五部分则结合俞子夷在两所小学担任校长的办学实践历程，重点探讨他对校长应该成为“教师的教师”这一校长观的理解。具体讨论校长为何要成为教师的教师以及校长当如何指导教师等问题，并适度引申出俞子夷校长观对当代校长的启示。

5、文章的最后概括指出俞子夷办学实践与思想对推进当代教育家办学的启迪。

Abstract: In the Republic of China, Yu Ziyi is a very influential educator in the field of primary school education. There are many studies concerning Yu Ziyi. But the focus is so little when talking about Yu Ziyi's School running practice and thoughts, which existing in his experiences in Jiangsu First Normal University Affiliated Primary School and Nanjing Normal College Affiliated Primary School. In view of this, this paper attempts to study Yu Ziyi' primary school running practice and thoughts, basing on a large number of first-hand history materials, focusing on Yu Zi yi' experiences in the two primary school, including such aspects: how to realize the appropriate integration between introduction and absorption, the mutual nourishing between theory and experience, and how to maximize school effectiveness, the common growth between principals and teachers.

This paper' main content is divided into five parts:

The first chapter used the narrative research method, summarizing Yu Ziyi experiences from an accountant clerk's son to gradually joining the primary school education activity. Focusing on Yu Ziyi's family education, school experience, friends and teachers' influence on his future's growth.

The second chapter mainly studied Yu Ziyi' school running practice in Jiangsu First Normal University Affiliated Primary School, focusing on his experiences of how to study abroad, absorb new trend in Europe and the United States, and succeed in school reform, when he stayed in an excellent teachers, keen and small schools.

The third chapter focused on Yu Ziyi' s project method in Nanjing Normal College Affiliated Primary School, which was exciting but completing, and how to develop it into" not complete" project method as well as his contribution and position.

The fourth chapter discussed Yu Ziyi's distinctive "economy" concept of education. It especially focused on its connotation and value of thought.

The fifth chapter analyzed Yu Ziyi's view about principals, specifically discussed why the principals should become teachers. The conditions on principals to become teachers and how to instruct the teachers.

The last part is the conclusion, summarizing Yu Ziyi' practice and core thought of the contribution, and pointed out its significance to future generations of educationalist.

Key words: Yu Ziyi; school practice; project method; "economy" concept of education; the teacher's teacher

（徐彪教育史专业华东师范大学硕士学位论文）