论孟子对孔子德育思想的传承与弘扬

冯文全 冯碧瑛

摘要：儒家创始人孔子以“礼”“、仁”之教开创了我国古代道德教育的先河，孟子不仅传承了孔子的德育思想，而且还有一定的创新和发展。孟子由“仁”及“义”，丰富并拓展了道德教育的核心内容；由“当仁不让于师”到“尽信书则不如无书”，注重对学生道德批判性思维能力的培养；由“性相近”到“性本善”，明确承认并肯定人性的光辉；由“有教无类”到“居移气，养移体”，坚信教育对人的品德形成发展所起的重要作用；由“君子求诸己”到“尚志养气”、“反求诸己”，充分肯定了人的自我教育的主体性作用；由“必因其材而笃焉”到“君子之所以教者五”，提出了因材施教的具体方法。

关键词：孔子；孟子；德育思想

作者简介：冯文全，西华师范大学教育学院院长、教授；冯碧瑛，西华师范大学外国语学院讲师 （四川南充637009）

On Mencius' Succession and Promotion to Confucius' Moral Education Thoughts

Feng Wenquan & Feng Biying

Abstract: As the founder of Confucianism，Confucius started the ancient moral education with his "Courtesy" and "Benevolence". As the most important successor of Confucianism，Mencius not only inherited Confucius' moral education thoughts，but also innovated and developed them. The main contents of Mencius' Thoughts are as follows：the essence of the moral education should be based on the concept of "Benevolence" and "Justice"，keen attention should be paid to the cultivation of moral critical thinking，man's kindness and the impact of education and environment should be affirmed，and great emphasis should be given to man's subjective initiative and the thought of teaching students according to their aptitudes. The ethical education was the tradition and characteristics in ancient China，which has made up the traditional virtues for Chinese people.

Key words: Confucius，Mencius，moral thoughts

Authors：Feng Wenquan，Dean and professor of school of Education，China West Normal University；Feng Biying，lecturer of School of Foreign Languages，China West Normal University（Nanchong 637009）

出处：《教育研究》2013年第1期

搜集人：王燕