教科书中教师形象之文本分析
蒋洁蕾
摘要：小学《语文》教科书通过自然属性、外在形象和内在形象等方面来塑造典型的教师形象。就自然属性而言，教科书中的教师以中国当代年轻女教师为主。就外在形象而言，教科书中的教师衣着正式、保守、简单、朴素; 言行亲切和蔼、沉稳严厉、刚柔相济。就内在形象而言，教科书中的教师知识渊博、智慧聪颖、关爱学生、谦虚礼貌、勤恳敬业、热爱祖国。教科书中的教师形象是主流意识形态的呈现，教科书中教师群体结构失衡是对现实的复演，教科书中的教师形象给人以职业刻板和性别刻板的印象。
关键词：教师形象; 小学《语文》教科书; 文本分析
作者简介：蒋洁蕾，浙江师范大学 教师教育学院，浙江 金华 321004
总结：1.教科书中的教师形象是主流意识形态的呈现
教科书塑造的教师形象具有保守、朴素、学识渊博、智慧聪颖、关爱学生、教书育人、谦虚礼貌、勤恳敬业、热爱祖国等特征。教材不仅是对社会形象的一种投射，同时也是对其他社会文化的一种投射。
2.教科书中教师群体结构失衡是对现实的复演
教科书中的教师以女教师和年轻教师为主，特别是年轻女教师。在当下小学中，男女教师比例严重失衡。教师群体的年轻化和女性化具有一定的优势，但也存在无法克服的弊端，如年轻教师缺乏教育经验，女教师过多造成男学生缺乏成年男士作为榜样，这将不利于学生身心健康成长。
3.教科书中存在着教师形象的性别刻板、职业刻板
教科书中存在着教师形象的职业刻板，包括教师性别年龄职业刻板、着装职业刻板和容貌职业刻板。教科书抹去了教师形象的个体差异，提炼出教师身上共有的特征来反映教师职业形象。个人在特定社会结构与体系中的位置，或者说身份、角色，并不是天生的或自为的，而是被赋予的。教科书就是传递这种传统观念的无形力量之一，亘古不变地传递着传统的职业和性别角色差异。
A Text Analysis on Teachers＇ Image in Textbooks
JIANG Jie － lei
Abstract: Primary school Chinese textbook shapes the typical image of teachers using natural attribute，external image and internal image． In terms of natural attribute，teachers in textbook are mainly Chinese contemporary young females． In terms of external image，teachers in the textbook dress formally，conservative and simple． What’s more，they are kind，strict and soft． In terms of internal image，teachers in textbook are knowledgeable，intelligent，caring，modest and polite，diligent and devoted，patriotic． Teachers image in the textbook present a mainstream ideology． The unbalance about the structure of teacher group in textbook is a payback to the reality． There are vocational stereotypes and sex stereotypes about teachers＇ image in textbook．
Key words: teachers＇ image; primary school Chinese textbook; text analysis
Authors：JIANG Jie － lei, Teacher Education College，Zhejiang Normal University，Jinhua，Zhejiang，321004
Summary：1. Teachers image in the textbook present a mainstream ideology．
In textbooks teachers are conservative, plain, knowledgeable, clever, and they care for their students and teach them with modesty, diligence and the love for their motherland. Textbooks are not only a reflection of social image, but of other social cultures as well.
2. The unbalance about the structure of teacher group in textbook is a payback to the reality．
The majority of teachers in textbooks are female and young, most of whom are young female teachers. In current primary schools, the imbalance in sex ratio is serious. Although it has some advantages, the disadvantages are obvious: young teachers are lack of experiences and too many female teachers could bring about difficulties for the male students to find male examples for them, which is not conductive to students’ physical and mental health.
3. There are sex and vocational stereotypes in textbooks.
The vocational stereotypes includes gender and age stereotype, dress stereotype and appearance stereotype. The textbooks erase the individual differences in teachers’ images, and abstract the common features to show teachers’ professional image. A person’s position in a specific society structure and system, or identity/role, is given instead of being born or initiative. Textbooks are one of the invisible strengths that pass on the traditional concept, transferring the traditional gender and vocational difference from time to time.
出处：《基础教育》2013年2月第10卷第1期
搜集&翻译：王燕