从中美家长择校倾向的差异看教育改革路向
窦卫霖，田 丽
摘 要：择校是中美两国教育的共同现象，但两国家长的择校倾向却有明显差异。作者通过对103位中美家长（中国57位、美国46位）的问卷调查发现，中国家长100%认为择校很有必要，重点学校是所有家长的首选目标，对择校的弊端几乎不加考虑；而美国家长认为择校有必要的只有39%，选择对象也比较分散，私立学校、特许学校，甚至家庭私塾都可能是首选，对择校的弊端也有较高的警惕性，认为适合孩子特征和能力发展的学校才是最好的学校。通过对中美家长择校倾向的比较分析，对我国深化教育改革、缓解择校现象可以得到启示。
关键词：中美家长；择校；问卷调查；改革路向
总结：1、对深化教育改革、缓解择校现象的启示：
①办好每一所学校，缩小学校差距，是解决择校问题的根本途径；
②树立正确的育人观、成才观，是避免盲目择校的根本保证。美国家长认为，学校好坏是相对的，合适孩子发展的学校才是最好的。
③发挥学生的自身能力是摆脱择校依赖的根本动力。
2、中美两国政府对待家长择校采取不同的政策，择校在美国主要体现为“自上而下”的政府推动，而在中国更多地表现为“自下而上”的个人行为。
3、我国择校问题是优质教育资源相对集中与民众对优质教育资源需求日益增长之间的矛盾所造成的。在治理我国“择校”乱象的过程中，政府如何变革公立学校的体制是关键问题。
A Study on the Orientation of School Choice by Chinese and American Parents and the Direction of Chinese Educational Reform
DOU Wei-lin，TIAN Li
Abstract：The issue of choosing schools exists in both the People's Republic of China and the United States of America. However, significant differences exist in the orientation of school choice between Chinese and American parents. The authors of this article surveyed 103 parents in the two countries，57 Chinese and 46 American. The result showed that 100% of the Chinese parents believed that school choice was necessary for their children，and most of them considered only elite public schools as their first choice while ignoring disadvantages of choosing them. However，only 39% of American parents believed it was necessary to choose schools，and they opted for various types，including private schools，charter schools or even home-schooling. In addition，many of them were keenly aware of the disadvantages of choosing elite schools，believing that the best choices were those which could best suit their children's particular characteristics and the development of their learning abilities. Based on comparative analysis，the authors drew three implications: First，administering every school well and reducing the gaps between them was fundamental to solve the problems in school choice. Second，forming more insightful concepts of education and an outlook on talents could help to avoid blind school choice. Third，developing students' competence was an important driving force for getting rid of dependence on school choice.
Key words：Chinese and American parents；school choice orientation；survey study
Summary：1. Three implications for deepening education reform and helping reduce school choice phenomenon:
①Administering every school well and reducing the gaps between them was fundamental to solve the problems in school choice.
②Forming more insightful concepts of education and an outlook on talents could help to avoid blind school choice. American parents believe that whether a school is good or bad depends on its suitability for their children.
③Developing students' competence was an important driving force for getting rid of dependence on school choice.
2. The Chinese and American governments apply different policy on school choice of parents. When it is mainly top-down promotion from the US government, school choice is more of a bottom-up personal behavior in China.
3. The issue of choosing schools in our country is caused by the contradiction between concentrated high-quality education and people’s increasing need for it. The key to solve the problem in our country is that the government should change the public school institutions.
出处：《比较教育研究》2013年第7期
搜集&翻译：王燕