澳大利亚高成就教师和主导教师认证体系解析
黄非非
摘要：教师认证是澳大利亚教师专业化进程中的关键，经过多年的发展，其形成了自己的特点，为该国教师专业发展提供了基准，也为该国中小学教师素质的提升提供了依据。 其高成就教师和主导教师认证由认证目的和原则、认证标准和程序等组成。 这是澳大利亚从国家层面保障高成就教师和主导教师质量的初步尝试，在一定程度上值得我们思考和借鉴。
关键词：澳大利亚；教师认证；认证内容；认证过程
总结：1、澳大利亚全国教师分为四类：毕业教师、成熟教师、高成就教师、主导教师，其中后两者是指有较高技能、处于较高职业阶段的教师。澳大利亚高成就教师和主导教师认证体系用于发展、支持、认证优秀教师。
2、该认证由AITSL（一家为政府提供服务的上市公司）和各地区认证机构共同承担，认证的标准为《全国教师专业标准》，认证程序为：预评估→认证评估→做出认证决定→重续认证。
3、澳大利亚高成就教师和主导教师认证的特点和启示：
①成立专门的认证机构：由外部认证机构进行认证，保障其客观性和真实性。
②开展预评估：申请者通过在线工具评估自己的认证准备情况，提高评定效率。
③采用多种途径考察教师实践：除了课堂观察，评估员还与校长、同事、学生交谈，并与申请者进行一小时的专业讨论。
④设定认定有效期（5年）：与终身制不同，有效期可以激励教师不断学习、不断提高教学实践。
Professional Project of Australian Transformational Teachers
——Analysis on the Certification of Highly Accomplished and Lead Teacher
HUANG Fei-fei
Abstract: In Australia，teacher certification is the key in the process of teachers specialization. Through many years' development，it has formed its own unique characteristics，which provide a benchmark for the teachers' professional development and a basis for the promotion of the country's primary and secondary school teachers' quality. The certification of highly accomplished and lead teacher is consisted of the purposes， the principles，the standards and the processes，emphasizing to establish the national consistent certification system. It is an initial attempt to ensure the quality of highly accomplished and lead teachers in Australia. To a certain extent，it is worthy for us to think about it and learn from it.
Key words: Australia；teacher certification；certification content；certification process
Summary: 1. Australia divide teachers into four kinds: graduate teachers, mature teachers, highly accomplished teachers and lead teachers. The latter two refer to ones who are skilled and at a higher career stage. The professional project of Australia transformation teachers are used for developing, supporting and certificating outstanding teachers.
2. The certification is held by AITSL and regional certification bodies, and uses the National Professional Standards for Teachers. The procedures are: pre-assessment, certification assessment, certification decision and renewal of certification.
3. The characteristics and revelation of the certification system are as follows:
① Establish specified certification institution: Certification via external authentication is more objective and real.
② Launch pre-assessment: Applicants could evaluate their certification readiness through on-line tools, which improves efficiency.
③ A variety of methods are applied to investigate the teacher’s practice: Besides classroom observation, the assessor also talks to headmaster, colleague and students. There’s a one-hour professional discussion between the teacher and the assessor as well.
④ The certification is valid within five years: Different from tenure, the valid time limit could inspire the teacher to study and improve his teaching practice constantly.
出处：《比较教育研究》2013年第6期
搜集&翻译：王燕