蔡元培教育伦理思想研究
摘 要：突出的现实意义。为此，本文站在历史唯物主义立场，通过对文本的解读，运用理论与实践、历史与逻辑相统一的方法展开探讨，以期对蔡元培思想的研究有所深化。论文主要围绕蔡元培教育伦理思想形成的社会历史背景及思想渊源、主要内容和现实启示三方面进行阐述。
第一部分，重点阐述蔡元培教育伦理思想形成的社会历史背景和思想渊源。蔡元培教育伦理思想的形成和他所处的时代有密切联系。鸦片战争以后，民族危亡的紧要关头促使有识之士寻求变革，在寻求救国之路的过程中，蔡元培深刻认识到改良主义的弊端，同时认为只有通过教育，才能启民智、新民德，当时特有的社会历史背景构成其教育伦理思想形成的现实基础。从思想基础上看，蔡元培的教育伦理思想得益于传统文化的滋养和西方思想文化的启发。
第二部分，分别从三个层面论述了蔡元培教育伦理思想的主要内容。一是“健全人格”与五育并举。健全人格教育是以受教育者为本体，努力使受教育者在德、智、体、美和世界观教育这五方面和谐发展，追求个性与群性的一致，注重受教育者的身心协调与知、情、意的统一，由此实现受教育者的人格独立与自由。二是教育平等与个性发展。教育平等是人人平等的享有教育资源的一种价值理念，在现代社会，教育平等的内涵主要是教育起点、教育过程与教育结果的平等，每个人有受教育的平等权利是蔡元培教育伦理思想所强调的，其中涉及到平民教育、女子教育、劳动教育等方面内容。蔡元培在提倡教育平等的同时也顾及到受教育者本体的特殊性，他对把握教育的内在规律，体现受教育者的本体价值，使受教育的自然个性都得到充分发挥等都十分关注。“尚自然、展个性”和“面向生活、注重实际”都是蔡元培在教育过程中注重发展学生个性的体现。三是教育独立与思想自由。蔡元培始终坚持教育独立的主张，认为教育应当有独立不惧的精神。教育独立是思想自由、兼容并包原则贯彻实施的制度基础。
第三部分，对蔡元培教育伦理思想做出相应的评价并分析其现实启示。蔡元培教育伦理思想为近现代中国的教育提出了明确的完全人格教育理论，推进了中国传统教育伦理向近现代的转型，为我国的学术发展提供了比较合理的伦理原则，为现代性启蒙起到了推动作用。当然，由于时代和阶级的局限，蔡元培的教育伦理思想也存在着一定的局限性。尽管如此，蔡元培教育伦理思想在当代仍具有积极的启示意义。
关键词：蔡元培；教育伦理；健全人格；教育平等；教育独立
总 结：蔡元培的一生锐意改革、积极进取，为我国教育文化事业的发展做出了重大贡献，在教育伦理的探索方面，蔡元培倡导健全人格教育，养成国民共和精神，提倡教育平等与个性发展、教育独立与思想自由，在蔡元培投身教育实践的过程中，倡导健全人格教育是主要环节，他将健全人格的发展视为教育理想实现的具体化，对其以上思想进行研究的基础上可以看出，其丰富的教育伦理思想蕴涵在他对中国近现代的教育的贡献中，对其进行梳理提炼能够拓展我们对蔡元培思想研究的领域，并且能够丰富当代教育伦理思想的学术研究。
蔡元培为我们留下了一笔珍贵的教育伦理思想遗产，对于我们今天塑造人的健全人格，培养人的主体精神，促使大学的办学理念更为科学化，培养新世纪的创新人才具有非常重要的借鉴意义。本文的研究虽然在整体上对蔡元培的教育伦理进行了考察，但仍有很多内容有待我们继续研究和挖掘。
Abstract: Cai Yuanpei (1861—1940), China's modern democratic revolution, distinguished educator, thinker, was Mao Zedong as the academic dean, died a model. Cai Yuanpei will spent his whole life into modern Chinese culture and the cause of education his educational ideas rich in content, covering a wide range, have a profound impact the country's education, his educational ideas still important in today's education reform period, for reference.
Cai Yuanpei in the social background in modern full of confusion and perplexity, think calmly and made a fusion of Western culture, close to China's social development the actual new educational ideas. As a landmark figure, Cai Yuanpei's ideological doctrine, especially the educational thinking of academic attention, and achieved fruitful research results. Cai Yuanpei ideological breadth of AGF, left for future generations the precious spiritual wealth there is still great to explore space, the Educational Ethics is one of the important aspects of In-depth research Cai Yuanpei education and ethics, not only has significant academic value, but also without standing practical significance. Dialectical materialism and historical materialism, the use of text interpretation method, the method of combining theory and practice, history and logic approach, mainly around on Educational ethical thinking to the formation of social and historical background and ideological origins, main content sand Practical Enlightenment elaborated.
The thesis is divided into three parts:
The first part focuses on Educational ethical thought the formation of social and historical background and ideological origins. Cai Yuanpei's Educational Ethics formation and his time are in close contact. After the Opium War, the critical moment of national crisis prompted organizations seeking a change in the process of seeking the road of national salvation, Cai Yuanpei, a profound understanding of the drawbacks to the reformist, also believes that only through education, can Kai wisdom, the Xinmin Germany, was unique social and historical background constitute a realistic basis of its Educational Ethics. Judging from the ideological foundation, Cai Yuanpei Educational Ethics thanks to the traditional culture, nourished and inspired by the culture of Western thought.
The second part, discussed from the three levels of Cai Yuanpei Educational Ethics. First, the" perfect personality" and education simultaneously. Healthy personality education are educated for the body, and strive to make educated in these areas of moral, intellectual, physical, and aesthetic and worldview education and harmonious development, the pursuit of individuality and sociability, consistent, focusing on coordination and knowledge of the educated mind and body, love, the unity of Italy, which the educated personal independence and freedom. The second equality in education and personality development. Equality in education is a value concept of equality of access to education resources in modern society, equality in education content, educational starting point, the process of education and the equality of educational outcomes, everyone has equal right to education Cai Yuanpei Educational Ethics emphasized, which relate to aspects of the civilian education, women's education, labor and education. Cai Yuanpei to promote equality in education, while also taking into account the particularity of the educated body, give full play to his right to grasp the inherent law of education, reflecting the ontological value of the educated, so that the natural personality of the education have been so very concerned about. Still natural, exhibition personality "and" for life, pay attention to the actual "are Cai Yuanpei in the educational process to focus on the development of student personality embodies. Education, independence and freedom of thought. Cai Yuanpei always adhere to the independent claims of education and that education should be independent of fear of the spirit. Independent of education is freedom of thought, inclusive principle is strictly adhered to the implementation of the institutional basis.
The third part, Cai Yuanpei's Educational Ethics makes the appropriate evaluation and analysis of its reality revelation. Put forward a clear full Theory of Character Education on Educational ethical thought of modern Chinese education, and promote China's traditional education ethics to the modern transformation of the academic development of China's reasonable ethical principles for the modern Enlightenment played a role. Course, due to the limitations of the era and class, Cai Yuanpei Educational Ethics there are some limitations. Nevertheless Educational ethical thought in the contemporary still has a positive significance.
Key words: Cai Yuanpei; educational ethics; healthy personality; independence of education; equality in education
（郑然 河北师范大学硕士研究生学位论文）