教育伦理下的初中课堂管理研究—教师的视角

摘  要：课堂管理是教育、教学、管理中最复杂、最难掌制的领域之一。课堂管理的许多研究都是以心理学、管理学、社会学哲学和伦理学等学科为理论基础的。众多研究人员都认为课堂管理是教师通过协调课堂内各种教学因素的有效实现预定教学目标的过程。然而，这一认识不仅忽视了课堂是由教师、学生及环境共同组成的复杂结构，还忽视了课堂管理中教师应有的伦理性。教育伦理作为应用伦理学的分支学科，多年来取得了长足的发展。基于教育伦理的课堂管理不但是课堂教学顺利进行和提高课堂教学质量的重要保证，而且也是师生素质全面发展的基本途径。

    因此，本文认为提高课堂教学效率不是我国初中课堂管理的唯一目标。伦理化的初中课堂管理应该是关注学生的生命和个性，提高学生的生命质量，从而开展管理和教学活动。故本文主要采用文献分析法、个案研究法和问卷法等对洛阳市老城区4所初级中学中的教师进行调查，从教师的视角了解课堂管理中的伦理精神。全文由四个部分组成:

    第一部分:首先，在伦理、课堂、管理等核心概念的基础上，分析了教育伦理和课堂管理的基本内涵。其次，分别从管理的角度分析伦理和从伦理的角度看待管理这两个方面探讨了管理与伦理之间的关系。

第二部分:探讨了课堂管理的教育伦理透视。本部首先阐述了课堂管理中的教育伦理理论背景。其次，提出了课堂管理的人性假设。最后，对教育伦理化课堂管理的特征进行了概括。

 第三部分:从教育伦理视角分析了我国当前初级中学课堂管理的现状。我国当前的中学课堂管理既取得了不少的成绩，也存在着极大的问题。这些问题主要包括:伦理意识淡薄的漠然型课堂管理、以教师为中心的专制型课堂管理、以秩序为中心的管制型课堂管理和主体性弱化的封闭性课堂管理。究其深层原因，既有意识层面的原因，又有体制层面的原因;既有个体的原因，还有文化的原因。

第四部分:提出了教育伦理视野下课堂管理的策略。本部分借鉴教育学、伦理学、教育伦理学等学科知识，提出了要培养高效课堂管理的教师师德、创建体现平等和尊重的课堂环境、建立以生为本型师生关系、构建多元化管理共同体和实施有机整体的课堂教学等课堂管理策略。

关键词：初中；课堂管理；教育伦理；策略

总  结：许多原因导致了我国当前教育伦理视野下初中课堂管理中的众多问题。其原因主要是我国的初中课堂管理受传统的伦理道德观念影响、我国课堂管理及教学中缺少健全的伦理道德体制、教师个体缺乏明确的伦理道德观念和缺少伦理道德文化的支持。现实情况表明，课堂管理中教师的伦理道德精神仅仅依靠章程和规范的支持是远远不够的，它还需要教师把这种伦理道德精神内化为自己真正的精神传统。在课堂管理及教学中，对于对教师及学生来说，制度与文化起着不同的作用。制度是强制地，起到是外在的作用;而文化是自觉地，起到的则是内在的作用。只有针对这些原因，找出相应的策略和措施，才能构建新型的初中课堂管理模式，才能真正使教师伦理道德精神在课堂管理及教学中得以充分发挥，才能使学生得以全面发展.

Abstract: Classroom management is one of the most complex and controlled areas in education, teaching and management. Many researches are based on Psychology, Management, Sociology, Philosophy, and Ethics Science and so on. And many researchers think that classroom management is a process in which teachers coordinate a variety of factors to achieve the objectives of teaching, however, this view neglects that classroom is a complex composed of teacher, students and environment, and that the ethics of the teacher in classroom management. Educational Ethics as the branch of applied ethics has had the tremendous development. Classroom management based on educational ethics is not only the guarantee to promote the classroom teaching smoothly and improve the important quality of classroom teaching, but also an basic way to promote the quality of all-round development of students and teachers.

Therefore, this paper holds that to improve the efficiency of classroom teaching is the goal of classroom management of our country; Ethical classroom management should concern for the life and personality of student and improve the quality of student life in order to carry out management and teaching. So, documentary analysis method, questionnaire method and the case study are adopted for the research of 4 junior high schools teachers of Luoyang that ethical spirit of classroom management are understood from the perspective of teachers. The thesis is divided into four parts:

Part one. First of all, I make an analysis of educational ethics and classroom management which are based on the concept of ethics, classroom and management. Second, discuss the relationship of the management and ethics from the different aspect which are the analysis of Ethics from the management and Management from the ethics.

Part two. Discuss the Educational and ethics perspective management. Firstly, this section analyses the theory of the context of educational ethics and classroom management, then put forward the hypothesis of human nature of classroom management, and finally generalize the characteristics of the educational ethics of classroom management.

Part three. Analysis the status quality of classroom management in junior high school from the ethics. Currently, classroom management in junior high school of our country has many problems as well as achievements. The problems are ethics-lacked indifferent classroom management, teacher-centered autocratic classroom management, order-centered controlled classroom management, weakening subjectivity closed classroom management. If we want to find the true and deep reasons, we will know that the reasons not only include the impact of consciousness and system, but also the impact of individual and culture.

Part four. Put forward to the classroom management of educational ethics. This part put forward the strategy of developing the ethics of the teacher in the classroom management, developing the classroom environment consisted of equality and respect, building the relationship of the teacher and student based on the student constructing pluralistic management community and laying emphasis on the organic and whole teaching which use for the knowledge of Education, Ethics, Educational Ethics.

Key words: Junior High School; Classroom Management; Educational Ethics; Strategy

（李惠琦  天津师范大学硕士研究生学位论文）