王廷相教育伦理思想研究
摘 要：王廷相作为我国古代一位卓越的唯物主义哲学思想家，是学术界早己公认的。但作为一名教育思想家，却很少有人注意，甚至没有人去梳理他的教育伦理思想，然而他的教育伦理思想同唯物主义哲学一样值得人们称道和研究。本文对王廷相教育伦理思想的研究有助于全面认识和理解王廷相的整个思想体系，也有助于丰富和完善中国古代教育伦理思想，同时对我国当今的教育改革和发展有着重要的理论价值和现实指导意义。
本文对王廷相教育伦理思想核心内容的探讨主要集中于三个方面:第一，教育活动的价值追求。教育活动的价值追求是教育的伦理前提，也是对教育活动进行整体或是最高层次的伦理规范。因此也可以说，教育的伦理价值是教育活动的核心价值。教育活动的价值追求主要表现在两个方面:首先表现为教育活动对个体的价值追求。即教育活动尊重人的生命成长，尊重每个人完善自己、发展自己、追求理想人格，这一价值维度突出体现了教育对人的“生命”关怀，通过教育来发掘人自身的内在价值;其次表现为教育活动对社会的价值追求。即教育承担着明伦兴化、经国济世的重任，这一价值维度突出体现了教育的社会价值关怀。第二，教育对象的伦理品质。学生作为教育对象，他们的学习不仅是一个方法的问题、规律的问题，而且是一个合目的性的问题。因为如何进行学习，为什么而学习不仅关系到学生自身素质、能力、人格的培养与提高，而且也关系到国家、社会的健康发展。王廷相强调学生应该经世致用，利国益民的品质、学思结合，博约统一的品质、知行兼举，科学求真的品质、学贵自得，不拘泥古人的品质。第三，教育主体的德行修养。王廷相认为作为教育主体的教师应该不断加强自身修养，做到热爱教育，爱惜人才、守道慎行，以身帅人、忠于教职，淡泊明志、赏罚分明，一视同仁的要求。
上述内容是木文的核心即第二章。本文除绪论外，在第一章对王廷相的生平及其教育实践活动作了简单介绍，对其产生的历史背景作了简要回顾，对其思想渊源作了必要的梳理;第三章是对王廷相教育伦理思想的评析，指出了他在教育伦理史_卜的历史贡献及其历史局限性，在此基础上提出他对当今中国教育改革和发展的现实启示。
关键词：王廷相；教育伦理；价值追求；伦理品质；德行修养
总 结：王廷相是明代中后期一位被学术界公认的唯物主义哲学家，他的哲学思想被人们谈的津津乐道。然而作为一名教育家却很少被人们关注，其实他有着丰富的教育伦理思想。王廷相自入仕途后就一直非常热心于学校教育和人才培养。它不仅在御史任上巡视学政，而且还做过四川提学俭事、山东提学副使，所以史称“三督学政”。王廷相教育伦理思想既是明中叶社会矛盾、政治危机、经济上趋利之风的深刻反映，也是程朱理学衰颓的必然产物。正是在当时政治危机加剧、趋利之风日兴、程朱理学衰颓的情况下应运而生的。王廷相教育伦理思想的产生不仅有其特定的历史背景，而且有其深刻的思想渊源，其思一想渊源来自他对传统教育伦理思想的吸收。王廷相教育伦理思想的主要内容集中于三个方面:第一，教育活动的价值追求。教育活动的价值是教育的伦理前提，也是对教育活动进行整体的伦理规范，因此也可以说教育的伦理价值是教育活动的核心价值。教育活动的价值主要表现在两个方面，即教育活动的个体价值和社会价值。第二，教育对象的伦理品质。作为教育对象的学生，他们的学习不仅是一个方法的问题、规律的问题，而且是一个合目的性的问题，因为如何进行学习，为什么而学习不仅关系到学生自身素质、能力、人格的培养与提高，而且也关系到国家社会的发展。王廷相强调学生应该经世致用，利国益民的品质、学思结合，博约统一的品质、知行兼举，科学求真的品质、学贵自得，不拘泥古人的品质。第三，教育主体的德行修养。王廷相认为作为教育主体的教师应该不断加强自身修养，.做到热爱教育，爱惜人才、守道慎行，以身帅人、忠于教职，淡泊明志、赏罚分明，一视同仁的要求。王廷相的教育伦理思想作为传统教育伦理思想的一部分，固然有其局限性的一面，但其合理的思想对我们今天现代教育的发展与改革有着很强的借鉴意义与现实价值，尤其尊师重教、加强学风建设、培养理想人格、加强师德修养的思想对我们今天具有很强的现实启示意义。
Abstract: Wang Tingxiang, as a great ideologist of the materialistic philosophy in academe for a long time, there is little attention has been taken as an educator, even nobody attempt to sort out his thoughts of educational ethics. Therefore, we should further research on his thoughts of educational ethics. In this paper, the research on Wang Tingxiang's thoughts of educational ethics help us to understand the whole system of Wang Tingxiang’s thoughts and enrich educational ethics in ancient China, and there is a great significance of theory and practice for today's educational reformation and development.
This thesis explores Wang Tingxiang's thoughts educational ethics from three aspects: first, the value of the pursuit of educational activities. The premise of ethical education. The value of education is and it is criterion toward the educational activities. Also the highest so it can be said the core value of educational activities is the value of ethical education. The value of the pursuit of educational activities mainly in two ways: On one hand，educational activities shows the pursuit of value towards individual. Educational activities takes a great respects for human being, population, perfection and developments of themselves，and the pursuit of the ideal personality. This dimension stands out the educational value of the cares for human's life. On the other hand, educational activities shows the social pursuit of value, which means the responsibility of education is the beautification of the social ethics the maintenance of social stability and the promotion social harmony. Second, the ethic character of educational is not object. Only students are educational objects, their study also a moral issue. method and law issue，but Because how to learn and why to learn is not only related with students quality, ability，personality cultivation and improvement, but also related with the national social development. Wang Tingxiang emphasize that students should possess the quality of learning practical knowledge, which is conducive to the development of the society. Students should combine study and thoughts, broad and special reading, learn and action together to pursuit digesting knowledge by characteristics scientific truth ourselves modeling the ancients thought. Thirdly, the moral self-cultivation of the subject of education. Wang Tingxiang emphsize that as the subject of education, teachers should duratively strengthen self-cultivation; should include the requirements of love education, cherish intelligence, keeping principle and action with caution, taking the model，loyal to professionalism, showing the distinction between reward and true goal in life, clear penalty and equal treatment.
What the discussion above is the core of this paper which is the second chapter. Beside of this introduction，this article is divided into three parts: First, The historical background and origins of Wang Tingxiang’s educational ethics; Seconds, Ethics the main content of Wang Tingxiang’s educational thoughts; Third, the review of Wang Tingxiang’s educational ethics.
Key words: Wang Tingxiang; Educational ethics; the value pursuit; ethical quality; moral cultivation
（李辽强 湖南师范大学硕士研究生学位论文）