中小学教师专业伦理困境及对策研究
摘 要：教师作为一种专业必然会涉及到其专业伦理问题。对于中小学教师而言，在其日常的教育教学活动中处处都体现着专业伦理。然而，我国目前现实的情况是，中小学教师在其专业活动过程中面临着许多伦理困境，这些困境使得教师的专业活动受到影响、专业发展受到阻碍，甚至于有些教师失去了从事该专业的信心，而选择弃教。针对这种现实情况，本文作者以教师专业伦理困境为主题开展了本次研究。
本文在借鉴国内外教师专业发展己有研究成果的基础上，首先对教师专业伦理的提出、内涵、性质等做了理论上的分析，为后续研究奠定了基础。其次，本文作者以问卷调查和个别访谈所获得的一手资料为基础深入分析了教师专业伦理困境的现实表现，如:中小学教师专业实践行为的伦理缺失、中小学教师专业伦理观念的价值冲突、中小学教师专业伦理规范的权责失衡、学校内部的利益竞争引起的伦理困惑以及学校外部的权力互动导致的伦理矛盾。最后，本文作者根据现实的伦理困境，提出了解除中小学教师专业伦理困境的五大有效策略:提高中小学教师的专业素养与智慧、加强中小学教师专业伦理规范建设、增强学校办学的独立性与自主权、构建和提升校园文化的伦理精神、理清和优化学校教育的外部关系。
总之，能够正视中小学教师专业伦理困境，并提出可行的解决对策，使中小学教师专业伦理实践顺利进行，这一切对于包括教师在内的所有教育相关参与者而言，都将是有所裨益的事情。同时，教师专业伦理活动的顺利进行，也意味着教育教学活动的有效开展，更意味着我国教育事业的蓬勃发展。
关键词：中小学；教师专业伦理；困境；对策
总 结： 知识经济时代，社会对于人才的需求从趋势上来讲无疑会更加专业性、多样化。作为人才培养基础的中小学教育，因其培养对象—青少年，正处在人生观、价值观、世界观形成的关键期，素养和能力如何，直接关乎整个民族的前途和未来。如何培养合格的建设者和接班人、如何使他们能够健康快乐地成长，中小学教师在其中起到举足轻重的作用。我们都十分清楚，把教师视为专业人员，不是仅仅因为他们的技术能力，对学科内容的掌握，或者他们的教育成功，而是他们在日复一日的现实、困境和挑战中所表现出来的智慧和人性、为别人的孩子担负责任，并对为未来的社会充满希望。专业伦理不仅为了教师自身的利益，也为了他们在道德上需要负责任的对象。当前，中小学教师在诸多方面存在伦理困境:专业实践行为的伦理缺失、专业伦理观念的价值冲突、专业伦理规范的权责失衡、学校内部的利益竞争引起伦理困惑、学校外部的权力互动导致伦理矛盾。因此，探寻这些现实情况的深层次原因并且提出可行的解决专业伦理困境的对策，不仅关系到教师专业活动和青少年的健康成长，更关系到十三多亿中国人的“中国梦”能否真正实现。
整体而言，本研究之于以往的教师专业伦理研究，突出的特征是敢于正视社会现实，敢于对教师伦理实践困境进行深入而全面的剖析，敢于说真话，通过调查与访谈说出教育教学中存在的真实问题。问题是客观而现实的、解决问题的需要对于我国中小学教育而言也是迫切的，那么解决问题的途径、方法、策略等就显得尤为重要。本文作者基于现状大胆地提出了如:提高中小学教师的专业素养与智慧、加强中小学教师专业伦理规范建设、增强学校办学的独立性与自主权、构建和提升校园文化的伦理精神以及理清和优化学校教育的外部关系等多项对策，期待对中小学教师专业伦理困境的解决有所帮助。
另外，由于作者自身研究水平与研究视角的局限，使得本研究也存在着诸多的不足之处。例如，对于伦理困境现状的分析显得琐碎有余、力度不够。虽然基于一定范围的实证调查与个别访谈，但由于调查范围以及访谈对象的相对有限性，感觉对于现实情况的掌握仍不够全面;对于所提出的解决伦理困境的对策，整体而言，高度不够，并且在一定程度上理想性更多一些，可操作性、可应用性显得不足。今后，本文作者将寻找机会开展对于中小学教师专业伦理实践更为深入的研究，以弥补此研究之不足。
Abstract: As a professional, teachers will inevitably involve the professional ethical problems. For primary and secondary school teachers, professional ethical practice is embodied everywhere in the daily education teaching activities. However, in China, the primary and secondary school teachers face many difficulties in their professional ethics. These difficulties affect the teachers' professional activities and their professional development has been hampered, even some teachers lost confidence and choose to abandon a teaching. Aiming at this reality, the author carries out this study with teachers' professional ethics predicament as the theme.
Based on the existing research results of teachers' professional development at home and abroad, firstly, this paper theoretically analyzed the advance of teachers' professional ethical，the connotation, nature as well as plight. This laid the foundation for follow-up study. Secondly，based on the firsthand material acquired by questionnaire survey and individual interview. the author deeply analyzed the teachers' professional ethics dilemma and its practical performance, such as: the limitation of primary and secondary school teachers' professional ethics literacy levels，the conflict between ethical value that the teachers held, the shortcomings of teachers' professional ethics，the contrasts of the content of campus and the complexity of campus external power interaction, etc. Finally, according to the reality ethical dilemma, the author proposed five effective countermeasures to remove the plight of primary and secondary school teachers' professional ethics practice. Improving the primary and secondary school teachers' professionalism and wisdom; strengthening the construction of primary and secondary school teachers' professional ethics; enhancing the independence and autonomy of running school; building and enhancing the ethical spirit of school culture; sorting out and optimizing the external relations of school education.
All in all, it would be beneficial to find out the difficulties in primary and secondary school teachers' professional ethics practice and put forward feasible countermeasures for all relevant participants, including teachers. At the same time, the smooth progress of teachers' professional ethics practice also means that the effective development of the education teaching activity and it more means that the vigorous development of education cause in our country.
Key words: primary and secondary school; teachers' professional ethics; dilemma; counter measures
（方娇 湖北大学硕士研究生学位论文）