美国NEA准则教育伦理思想探析

摘  要：我国中小学教师职业道德规范历经数次修订，其效果却不尽人意。避开其他诸多原因，本文仅从其教育伦理思想的角度入手，考察美国NEA准则的历史演进过程，以期为我国师德规范的重建从教育伦理思想的角度提供有益的启示。美国NEA准则，从1929年颁布试行到1975年最终定稿成型，经历了多次修订。论文首先从历史的角度分3个阶段回溯NEA准则在其制定准备之初、修订过程中以及制定成型后其主要内容的变化；然后，剖析NEA准则教育专业伦理的主要特征；进而揭示这些主要特征背后所蕴含的伦理思想，并对这些伦理思想形成的历史根源进行一定的分析，以形成伦理思想启示的理性基础；最后，以期对我国师德规范的重建在伦理思想方面予以有益的启示。历史考察显示，美国NEA准则在演变过程中不同程度地受到了若干教育伦理思想的影响：从其制定准备之初到其修订过程，再到最后制定成型，便不同程度地受到了诸多伦理思想如个人主义、实用主义等的影响；特别是清教伦理思想一直伴随美国NEA准则伦理思想演变的始终。比较研究和文献分析表明，NEA准则是一套具有自主性特点的伦理准则，因为深受个人主义伦理思想影响的缘故：NEA准则同时也是一套极具宗教伦理色彩的伦理准则，因为深受清教主义伦理思想影响的缘故；另外，NEA准则还是一套具有践行性特征的伦理准则，因为深受实用主义伦理思想影响的缘故。NEA准则的教育伦理思想在历史传承的同时，时代性的特征对其提出了渐变性的要求；世界趋同性意识也对其某些伦理思想期以超越性的诉求。

关键词：专业伦理准则；职业道德；伦理思想

总  结：美国NEA准则的教育伦理思想，予我们以这样的启示：一是在个人主义正义性原则下，力求把握好权利与责任的平衡关系：二是在实用主义的理念下，更加注重德性伦理与规范伦理在实效性方向上的统一发挥；三是在传统文化的传方面，加强对传统核心价值观的变革与重塑。

Abstract: Education is a kind of activity of training people and self-development for the continuation of the society. It is a kind of love dedicated by elders for the sake of the next generation's happiness. Education itself is a symbol of love and responsibility, therefore the nature of it is "morality". However, Chinese higher education, in a period of social transition and facing a lot of ethical dilemma, holds more and more researchers' attention as well. It is necessary and essential to conduct a systematic ethical analysis to the higher education in present China. We start with the analysis of ethical dilemma and challenge of higher education in present china in the light of analyses such as ethics, education, education pathology and sociology. We adopt the methods of interpretation analysis, literature analysis, comparative analysis, history analysis, etc. On the one hand, we elaborate the historical development of ethic and morality vertically; on the other hand, we analyze the status of the higher education in present china horizontally from three core range of educational ethnics, naming; humanism, rationality and justice. It is hoped that this paper nails down the direction of development of higher education which existing on a transition period of society and morality and seek for the way of enhancing its moral way.

    This paper is divided into five parts: the first part is introduction. We introduce the theoretical and practical significance of this paper through analyzing the inevitability and necessity of the ethical research in higher education. We emphasize on the relative researches both at home and abroad and make a detailed study of them.

    Part two is the historical development of moral education. In accordance with Marxism on the division of human existence, we investigate the stage characteristics of the development of education ethical mentality from historical perspective, that is dependence to human and slave education; dependence to substance and the commercialization of education; the independent existence of human, and three stages of individuation education. We conduct deep analysis respectively.

Key words: professional code of ethic; teachers' professional ethics; ethical thoughts

（申春阳  西南大学硕士研究生学位论文）