于康平

摘 要：1972年《教育修正案第9条》6的颁布为美国性别公平课程的建构奠定了重要的法律基础。美国政府和各种组织确立了一系列政策和措施来改变女生在数学、科学和体育等课程中的不利处境，并开发出了专门的性别公平课程。重视性别平等教育立法和经费保障；注重性别问题与种族、收入水平等问题的交互作用；性别公平课程的建构与实施一体化，是美国建构性别公平课程的主要经验。但美国建构性别公平课程的模式尚需进一步改革，《教育修正案第9条》所确定的平等理念也面临新的挑战。

关健词：美国；性别公平；课程

总结：1.《教育修正案第九条》、《女性教育公平法》和《不让一个孩子掉队》在不同程度上构成美国性别公平课程建构的法律基础。

2. 为了真正实践《教育修正案第九条》的法律精神，美国各级政府部门、各种团体和组织针对美国教育的现状，提出了一系列建构与实施性别公平课程的政策与策略：

（1）面向全体学生的数学。这些措施包括①提供多元和包容的课程内容②培养学生对数学环境的敏感③运用“情境学习”和“分组学习”的教学策略④给学生营造一种亲密、舒适的课堂环境⑤为女生设立特殊学习班；

（2）科学课程中的性别公平。美国科学教师联合会签署了《科学教育中的性别公平宣言》，宣言提出了在K-12年级科学课程建构与实施中确保性别公平的教育策略；美国国家科学基金会和大学妇女联合会致力于测量和促进科学、技术、工程和数学领域的性别公平；此外，丹尼尔教授在实施了相关项目后强烈建议将对科学课程中性别公平的追求与教师专业发展联系起来，使对性别公平的追求成为教师专业发展的一部分；

（3）提高女生对体育课的参与。这些措施包括①采用混合班教学②运用性别中立的语言③提供模范④平等参与⑤提供多样化和性别中立的课程内容；

（4）开发专门的性别教育课程。

3. 美国建构与性别公平课程的努力既给我们留下了值得借鉴的经验，也留下了尚待进一步思考与解决的问题。

经验：（1）重视性别平等教育立法和经费保障；

（2）重视性别问题与种族、民族、宗教信仰、经济地位等问题的交互作用；

（3）性别公平课程的建构与实施一体化。

问题：（1）性别公平课程的建构模式亟待改革；

（2）《教育修正案第9条》面临挑战。

The Construction and Implementation of Gender Equity Curriculum in American Schools

YU Kang ping

Abstract:Title IX of the Education Amendments in 1972 has laid an important legal basis for the the construction of gender equity curriculum in American schools.The US government and academic organizations established a series of policies and adopted a series of measures to change the disadvantages of girls in mathmatics and sports.They also developed a few independent gender equity curricula.The main experiences in constructing gender equity curriculum in American include emphasis on gender equity education legislation and financial guarantee,paying attention to the interaction between gender and race,income,as well as integrating the construction and implementation.But the curriculum model in pursuit of gender equity needs reform and the equity concept of Title IX is facing new challenges.

 Key words：American;gender equity;curriculum

Summary：1. Title IX of the Education Amendments,Woman’s Educational Equity Act and No Child Left Behind constitute legal basis for the the construction of gender equity curriculum in American schools.

2.To practice the spirit of Title IX of the Education Amendments, the US government and academic organizations provided a series of policies and strategies to construct and practice of gender equity curriculum in American schools according to the American current educational status：

(1)Mathmatics facing to all students.All these measures including①providing multiplex and comprehensive curriculum contents②fostering students’sensitivity to the mathmatics environment③applying “contextual learning”and “group learning”teaching strategies④creating a close and comfortable class atmosphere⑤establishing special learning class for girls;

(2) Gender equity in the science curriculum.National Science Teachers Association signed the Declaration of Gender Equity in Science Education,the Declaration provided some educational strategies to ensure gender equity in the construction and practice of science curriculum;The National Science Foundation and American Association of University Women devoted to measuring and promoting gender equity in the realm of science,tecnology,engineering and mathmatics;In addition,Professor Daniel Battey carried out some programmes and advised strongly that the pursuit of gender equity in science curriculun must connect to the teachers’ professional development;

(3)Improving the participation of girls in sports.All these measures including①accepting the teaching of mixed classes②using gender neutral language③providing models④participating equally⑤providing diversified and gender neutral curriculun contents;

(4)Developing specialized gender education curriculums.

3.The American efforts of constructing gender equity curriculum left us experiences and some questions：

Experiences：(1)emphasis on gender equity education legislation and financial guarantee；

(2)paying attention to the interaction between gender and race,income；

(3)integrating the construction and implementation.

Questions：(1)the curriculum model in pursuit of gender equity needs reform；

 (2)the equity concept of Title IX is facing new challenges.

出处：《比较教育研究》2009年第3期