中小学校长专业成长的问题及应对策略研究

——基于对湖北省M市的调查

摘要：社会的发展和基础教育改革的深化迫切需要中小学校长实现专业化,而专业化的过程就是促进中小学校长实现专业成长。目前,很多国家已经就如何实现中小学校长专业化的问题进行了广泛研究,从理论探索、制度保障、措施实行等方面进行了积极的尝试,也取得了显著的成就。而我国对中小学校长专业化的研究还处于起步阶段,理论框架尚未清晰,制度保障还不完备,相应的规划措施没有配套实行,无法有效地促进我国中小学校长专业成长。因此,本文以湖北省M市为例,对中小学校长专业成长过程中存在的问题、影响因素进行了研究,主要目的在于通过对问题的分析,提出一些合理化建议,希望对促进我国中小学校长专业成长有一丝启发。

    研究首先对中小学校长专业成长的概念、本质和过程进行了分析,构建起了中小学校长专业成长的理论框架,得出以下结论:校长专业成长是一种状态,重在过程体验。它不仅仅是一个时间的延续,而且是专业知识、专业能力、专业信念,专业态度等的发展变化过程。校长作为一门成熟的专业,应该具有科学的校长从业标准,健全的校长教育与培训体系,完善的校长管理体制,成熟的校长组织,有高度的自治特征。

在理论探索的基础上,本研究依据校长专业化的特征,对我国中小学校长专业成长的现状进行了审视,得出以下几个结论:1.我国中小学校长专业成长的需求和意愿在逐步增强,有较大的发展潜力。2.中小学校长专业成长整体上还处于起步阶段,体系还没有构建起来。主要表现为中小学校长成长规划意识淡薄、校长教育与培训体系有待完善、校长管理体制不健全、校长组织还处于初步发展阶段。

针对以上问题,研究在借鉴了美国、英国和日本中小学校长专业化有益经验的基础上,从校长自身、教育行政部门和社会团体三个主体的角度,提出了中小学校长要转换思维,树立校长专业发展自主意识;教育行政部门要制订目标规划,加大政策支持力度,扩大校长专业自主权,完善校长培训体系;校长专业组织要加强与社会的联系,整合多方力量,通过组织发展带动校长成长的对策与建议。

关键词:中小学校长;专业成长;现状;对策

Researches on Professional Growth Problems of School Headmasters and the Coping Strategies

——Based on researches in M city of Hubei province

Abstract：The social development and the deepening of elementary education reform need headmasters of elementary and middle school to achieve professional growth urgently, and the professionalization is to promote the professional growth of headmasters. Now, many countries are probing into the program extensively on how to achieve the professionalization of headmasters of elementary and middle school, from prospective of theoretical exploration, system protection and implementation measure, which is a proactive attempt and has also made remarkable achievements. However, the program research in our country is still in its infancy, the theoretical framework is unclear, the system protection incomplete, and the relevant planning measures are not yet carried out, which can not be effective in promoting the professional growth of elementary and middle school headmasters in China. Therefore, taking M city as an example, the paper focuses on the problems and impact factors of the professionalization of headmasters in elementary and middle school, on the purpose of providing some reasonable advises through problem analysis, and in the hope of promoting headmaster professional growth.

First, the writer has made an analysis on the concept, nature and process of the professional growth, built up its theoretical framework, and had the following conclusion: the professional growth is a state, focusing on experiencing, which is not only a continuation of time,but also a developing changeable process of professional knowledge, competence, belief and attitude. Headmasters, as a mature professional, should have characteristics as scientific standards of practice, sound education and training system,perfect management system, mature organizations and highly autonomy.

Then on the base of theoretical exploration, the writer examines the current situation of the professional growth of headmasters according to their professional characteristics, and finds out the following conclusions: 1. The needs and wishes of professional growth of headmasters in China has been increasing, so there is a great potential for development; 2. The professional growth program is still in the first stage and the system has not yet built up, mainly on the part of poor awareness in professional growth planning, headmaster education and training system need to be improved, headmaster management system is incomplete and a preliminary stage of headmaster organizations.

Finally, the writer, in the view of the above problems, has drawn on the useful experience of the U.S, the UK and Japan on the headmaster professionalization, and from the point of the headmasters, the educational administrative departments and social groups, has proposed some countermeasures and suggestions as follow: to convert thinking of headmasters of elementary and middle school; to establish the self-consciousness of the headmasters1 professional development; educational administrative departments to formulate goals planning, to intensify policy support, to expand the headmasters' professional autonomy and to improve headmaster training system; headmasters1 professional organization to strengthen links with the society, to integrate efforts from various parties and to drive headmaster' growth by organization development.

Key words: current situation; headmaster of elementary and middle school; Professional growth, countermeasure.

（丰红梅 教育管理专业硕士华中师范大学硕士学位论文）