摘要：前苏联的著名教育家--苏霍姆林斯基，曾经说过：“有怎样的校长，就有怎样的学校”。可以说，在某种程度上，一个好校长，就是一所好学校。正是因为校长的角色如此重要，世界许多国家为了保证校长的质量,都建立了比较完善的校长资格认证制度，对校长的任职资格做出了明确的规定。我国政府一贯重视中小学校长的队伍建设，早在 1991 年，原国家教育委员会曾经发布了《全国中小学校长任职条件和岗位要求（试行）》，就对中小学校长任职资格做出了规定。随着教育改革的不断深入，学校的自主权不断扩大，校长作为一所学校的最高领导者，其角色与职能也发生了较大的变化，社会对校长素质要求也进一步提高，这些都对校长任职资格也提出了新的要求。为此，新颁布的《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010-2020 年)》提出：“完善校长任职条件和任用办法。”但是，与其他国家相比，我国有关校长任职资格制度仍然相对落后。因此，有必要从我国的实际出发，找出我国校长任职资格存在的问题和不足，并通过借鉴国外的先进经验，构建一套适合我国的校长任职资格制度，从而促进校长的专业发展，进而促进学校的发展、学生的成功。

中小学校长任职资格制度作为校长管理制度的一部分，规定了进入校长行业的条件，它对校长在知识和能力方面的要求，在一定程度上决定着校长这一群体整体素质的高低。因此，对中小学校长任职资格进行研究，有着重要的意义。

本文通过对中小学校长任职资格的国外的介绍和国内情况的分析，找出我国中小学校长任职资格存在的问题，提出完善我国中小学校长任职资格的对策建议。论文共分为五个部分：

导论。这部分主要介绍选题的背景、国内外研究现状、研究的思路和方法，并对相关概念进行界定。

第一章 理论基础。本章主要介绍了角色理论，中小学校长素质与知识结构理论，中小学校长专业发展阶段理论和人力资源管理理论。

第二章 美英两国中小学校长任职资格制度。本章主要介绍了美国和英国的中小学校长任职资格制度，总结了国外中小学校长任职资格的特点。

第三章 我国中小学校长任职资格的历史和现状分析。本章主要介绍了我国中小学校长任职资格的发展历史；分东部地区、中部和东北地区以及西部地区三个区域介绍了这几个地区中小学校长任职资格的探索；最后得出了出我国中小学校长任职资格存在的中小学校长的任命制度与资格认证制度的程序不合理，中小学校长任职资格证书制度尚未法制化，中小学校长资格证书发放存在封闭性，中小学校长任职资格标准不能适应中小学校长岗位的要求以及中小学校长任职资格培训的科学化水平需要进一步提升等五个方面的问题。

第四章 完善我国中小学校长任职资格的对策建议。从实现中小学校长任职资格的法制化，完善并提高中小学校长任职资格标准，完善中小学校长职前培训，建立健全我国中小学校长任职资格证书制度，完善中小学校长任职资格的配套管理制度以及对不能取得中小学校长任职资格的情况做出明确规定等六个方面提出了有关的对策建议。

关键词：中小学；校长；任职资格

Abstract：Former Soviet Union educator Sukhomlinski once said: "how the principal is, there is what kind of school. “In a way, it can be said that a good principal means a good school. Because the role of the principal is so important, In order to ensure the quality of principals, many countries around the world have established a relatively complete CFP system, and clearly defined the qualifications of the principal. The Chinese government has always emphasized on the construction of the ranks of the primary and secondary school principals. As early as 1991, the national qualifications and job requirements of primary and secondary school principals (Trial), which was issued by the Former State Board of Education，had made provision for the qualifications of the primary and secondary school principals. With the deepening of the reform of education, the autonomy of the school continues to expand, as the highest leader of a school, the role and functions of the principal have changed largely, social requirements to the quality of principals further improve, these propose new requirements to the qualifications of principals. To this end, the newly promulgated national long-term education reform and development plan (2010-2020) proposed:” to improve the principal qualifications and appointment practices.” However, compared with the qualification system of other countries, the qualification system of our country is still relatively backward. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the problems of China's principal qualification from China's reality, and build a set of China's principal qualifications system by drawing on advanced foreign experience, so as to promote the professional development of principals, thus contributing to development of schools, students' success.

As part of the principal management system, the qualification system of primary and secondary school principals sets out the conditions for access to the principal industry. Its requirements of principals in the knowledge and ability, to some extent, determine the level of overall quality of the group of the principals. Therefore, it is very important to research on the qualifications of the primary and secondary school principals.

This paper, introduces the qualifications of primary and secondary school principals of foreign country and analyzes domestic situation of the qualifications of primary and secondary school principals, identifies the problems of China's primary and secondary school principal’s qualifications and puts forward to suggestions that improve the primary and secondary school principals’ qualifications. The thesis is divided into five parts.：

Introduction. This part introduces the background of the topics, research status, research ideas and methods, and defines the relevant concepts.

ChapterⅠ： the theoretical basis. This chapter introduces the theory of the role, the theory of the quality and the knowledge structure of primary and secondary school principals, the theory of primary and secondary school principals' professional development stage and the theory of the human resources management.

ChapterⅡ：qualifications system of primary and secondary school principals in U.S. and Britain. This chapter focuses on the qualifications system of the primary and secondary school principals in the U.S. and the UK, summarizes the characteristics of the qualifications of foreign primary and secondary school principals.

Chapter Ⅲ：Analysis of the history and current situation of China's qualifications of primary and secondary school principals. This chapter focuses on the history of the development of China's qualifications of primary and secondary school principals; Introduces the exploration of qualifications of primary and secondary school principals in eastern region, central and northeast regions, western region; comes out the conclusion that there are five aspects of the problem in China's qualifications of primary and secondary school principals： the procedure for the appointment system and certification system of primary and secondary school principals is unreasonable; the qualification system of primary and secondary school principals is not yet the legal system; the payment of qualification of primary and secondary school principals is closed; the qualification standards of primary and secondary school principals cannot meet the requirements of the positions of primary and secondary school principals ; the scientific level of training of qualifications of primary and secondary school principals needs to further enhance.

Chapter IV：the suggestion to improve China's qualifications of primary and secondary school principals. This chapter gives the relevant suggestions from six areas: the qualifications of primary and secondary school principals should be legalization; the qualification standards of primary and secondary school principals should be refined and improved; the pre-service training of primary and secondary school principals should be improved; the qualification certificate system of primary and secondary school principals should be Improved; the supporting management systems of qualifications system of primary and secondary school principals should be improved; the situation that can not obtain the qualification of primary and secondary school principals should be clearly defined.

Key words: primary and secondary school； principals； qualifications

（王宙 教育经济与管理专业 山东师范大学硕士学位论文）