——基于角色理论的分析

摘要：“一位好校长就是一所好学校”,校长是学校的最高领导者,对学校的运行和发展起着至关重要的作用。由于政治制度、经济和科技发展水平、历史文化、教育传统等不同,各国的校长角色也各有特点。对不同国家的校长角色进行分析和比较,可以加深对校长角色的认识,促进彼此取长补短、互通有无。本文以文献法、访谈法、个案法、比较法为主要研究方法,选取美国康涅狄格州格林威治学区公园路小学桑迪?蒙德(Sandra Mond)校长和我国陕西省西安市Y区M小学M校长为研究个案,从校长角色获得、校长职责履行、校长专业发展等三个方面分析中美两国小学校长角色的特点和异同,并为我国小学校长角色发展提供一定的参考和借鉴。本文包括以下五部分主要内容:

第一章:引言。该部分对研究主题的提出及意义进行了阐述,对国内外相关研究进行了梳理和归纳,对研究思路和方法进行了说明,并对研究中的一些核心概念,如校长角色等进行了界定,最后对研究中的创新与不足进行了总结。

第二章:校长角色阐述及其研究个案。本章阐述了角色理论及其视角下的校长角色,分析了校长角色的重要性,介绍了本文的研究个案与研究方法,为后文提供了理论指导和方法指导。

第三章:中美两国小学校长的角色获得比较。本章从校长任职资格和选拔程序两个方面阐述了中美两国小学校长是如何走上校长岗位的,反映了中美两国小学校长角色获得的不同情形,探讨了我国应该不断完善校长任职资格制度和选拔程序,以提高校长的专业素养、服务意识和工作胜任力。

第四章:中美两国小学校长的职责履行比较。学校的组织结构影响着校长的权利和职责,校长履行职责是围绕着学校目标而进行的。本章先介绍了中美两国两所小学的组织结构和管理目标,然后从人、财、事三个方面的管理展示了中美两国小学校长在常规工作中的角色行为,例如,对教师和学生的管理、经费筹集、各方关系的处理等,反映出我国小学校长应该加强对教学的示范、指导作用,加强与社区、家长的沟通与合作等。

第五章:中美两国小学校长的专业发展比较。本章从校长学习和培训、校长参加教改、校长的办学特色等三个方面分析了中美两国小学校长专业发展的特点。探讨了我国应丰富小学校长的培训内容和形式;校长应依据本校实际情况灵活推进教改;校长应积极以先进的教育理念为指导,努力形成办学特色,更好促进师生的发展。

中美两国小学校长角色存在很多差异,美国更符合时代发展的要求,更具有专业性、多元性、民主性,我国还有很多需要借鉴和改进的方面,同时,也应该看到,由于教育传统和当下国情不同,我们在借鉴美国经验时需结合我国实际,做到因地制宜,智慧地为我所用。

关键词:中国；美国；小学校长；角色

Abstract：A good principal is a good school, the principal is the highest leader of the school, and plays a vital role in the running and development of the school. Due to different countries have different political systems, economic and scientific and technological level, history and culture, education tradition and so on, their principal role have their own characteristics. To analyze and compare the principal role of the different countries can help us understand the principal role deeper and promote countries to learn from each other. The main research methods of this thesis are literature, interview and comparative study. Sandra Mond, the principal of Parkway school, in Greenwich district, Connecticut, the USA, and Ms. M, the principal of M primary school, in district Y, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China, are the two cases of this study. The thesis describes the principal role of the two countries in the three aspects: the acquisition of the principal role, the duties of the principal, and the professional development of the principal. This description and comparison can provide references for the development of the role of primary school principals in China. This thesis includes the main contents of the following five parts:

Chapter 1: The preface. It described the questions and the significance of the research, literature review, research contents and methods, definition of concepts and the innovation and shortage of this study.

Chapter 2: Role of principal and the study case. This chapter explains the theory of role, the principal role, the importance of the principal role, as well as the selection of the case, to set up the theoretical basis and the methodology advising for the subsequent chapters.

Chapter 3: Comparison of the acquisition of the principal role in China and America. This chapter shows how to become principals of primary schools in the two countries from two aspects: the principal qualification and selection procedure. China and the America have different situations and China should continue to improve the principal qualification system and selection procedure to develop principal professionalism, service awareness and the work competence.

Chapter 4: Comparison of the performance of the principal duties in China and America. The structure of schools influences the rights and duties of their principal, and their performance points to the school goals. This chapter firstly describes the structure and management goals of the two primary schools in China and America, and then from the human, financial, and things management to show the role behavior of the two primary school principals in their routine work, for example, the management of teachers and students, raising funds, and dealing with the relationship among schools, families, communities and the governors, which reflect that Chinese primary school principals should strengthen the teaching demonstration and guidance role, and strengthen the communication with the community, parents and co-workers.

Chapter 5: Comparison of the professional development of principals in China and America. This chapter describes the professional development of the principals of the two countries from three aspects: principals5 learning and training, to participate in education reform, school characteristics. China should enrich the training contents and forms for principals, participate education reform activities should base on the actual situation, build up advanced educational philosophy, strive to form school characteristics, and better promote the development of students and teachers. The role of primary school principals in China and America really have a lot of differences, America more in line with the requirements of the development of the times, and there are many aspects that need to learn and improve in China, at the same time, we should remember the different educational tradition and current national conditions of the two countries, and learn from American experience on the basis of Chinese reality.

Key words: China, America, primary school principals, role

（张晓琳 教育学专业教育史方向陕西师范大学硕士学位论文）