摘要：长期以来，我国中小学校长普遍具有行政级别并按干部管理权限由组织人事部门进行管理，这种体制不符合教育发展规律和中小学管理特点，严重影响和制约着教育改革与发展。校长专业化是世界范围内校长管理制度改革的必然趋势。取消中小学校长的行政级别，推行职级制管理，是对我国传统校长人事管理制度的创新，是中小学校长走向职业化和专业化的制度保障。目前，校长职级制改革已经得到国家政策层面的支持鼓励，一些先行先试地区在十几年的实践过程中也进行了许多有益的探索，积累了丰富的经验。但这项改革尚未在大范围内得到进一步推广实施，试点地区的具体实践也存在许多问题。分析原因，既有制度设计本身的缺陷与不足，也有外部环境的影响和阻力。为了保障校长职级制在国家层面的顺利推广，必须进一步加强理论研究和实践探索，强化制度的顶层设计，建立以职级制为核心的特色鲜明的校长管理体系，完善中小学校长考核评价等配套制度体系建设，在现有成果的基础上扩大试点进而因地制宜地稳步推广。

本研究以笔者所在的山东省潍坊市的职级制改革为主体，参考了上海、中山等地推行校长职级制的具体做法，并借鉴国外校长管理的成功经验，分析总结了当前中小学校长职级制改革的基本成效和主要问题，并从中小学校长职级改革的制度设计、保障措施等方面提出了政策建议，目的在于利用职级制改革的经验为全国范围内推广实施构建一种可资借鉴的制度安排，以实现教育人力资源的优化配置和校长群体内部的规范治理，为校长专业发展提供组织与制度保障。

论文分为四部分：第一部分，内涵解读：关于中小学校长职级制；第二部分，经验借鉴：国内外校长职级制的实践与分析；第三部分，体系构建：中小学校长实行职级管理的制度设计；第四部分，保障措施：建立健全职级制科学运行的配套制度。

关键词：中小学；校长；职级制；管理

Abstract：For a long time, the primary and secondary school principals with the administrative levels are generally managed by the organization and personnel departments according to the cadre management authority. The system does not meet the law of education development and management features of primary and secondary schools, which seriously affects and constrains educational reform and development. Principals specialization is the inevitable trend of the reform of principal management system worldwide. To cancel the administrative levels of the primary and secondary school principals and implement the rank system management is a innovation of China's traditional personnel management system of principals, which provides vocational and specialized system protection for the primary and secondary school principals. Principals rank reforms are supported and encouraged from the national policy level. Some pilot areas carried out many useful exploration during more than 10 years’ practice process, which has accumulated rich experience. But the reforms hasn’t yet been further spread and implemented in a wide range. In addition, many problems exist in the concrete practice of the pilot areas. Analyzing the reasons, we can know two major factors: one is the defects and deficiencies of system design, the other is the impact and resistance of the external environment. To safeguard successful promotion of principals rank system at the national level, we must further strengthen theoretical study, the system top-level design, and practice exploration to build the principal management system with the core of rank system and the distinctive characteristics. Meanwhile, we will improve ancillary system about the assessment evaluation of primary and secondary school principals, and expand pilot areas on the basis of the current results to go on with steady promotion according to local actual conditions.

This study takes the practice in the school principal rank in Weifang, Shandong Province as the main body, in which the author works. With reference to specific practices of implementing the principal rank system in Shanghai, Zhongshan and other places, drawing on the successful experience of foreign principal management, we analyzed and summarized the basic effectiveness and the main problems of the current primary and secondary school principals rank system reform. Meanwhile, the study puts forward reasonable suggestions from the aspects of system design and measures of the principal official rank of school management, in order to regulate and incentive management practices and controlling behaviors of principals and stakeholders to achieve the optimal allocation of human resource and the institutional arrangements as features in a fair policy environment and the principal group internal governance norms, so then provide organizational and institutional guarantee for the principal professional development.

This paper consists of four parts: The first part cleans up the connotation explanation of the rank institution for primary and secondary school principals; The second part analyses the experience and practice of principal official rank system both here and abroad; The third part focuses on the system construction of principal official rank; The fourth part raises to the further thinking of establish and perfect scientific operation supporting system of the principal rank

Key Words: primary and secondary school principals; rank institution; management

（赵同祥 教育经济与管理学校管理方向 东北师范大学博士学位论文）