——以A校长为个案研究

摘要：传统的领导理论中将男性思维与经验当成是普遍的规范与常模，这无形中是对性别差异的一种忽视。男女校长领导方式存在差异是被公认的判断，但孰更有效却因学校的特殊性而众说纷纭。社会的发展使越来越多的女性走上了学校管理和领导者的位置，随之出现的对于女校长领导经验地总结和揭示就异乎寻常地显示出紧迫性。但是作为学校领导者的校长其领导行为需要通过诸多方面展示。同时学校作为特殊的场域，其绩效的衡量显然没有唯一的量化标准，这使得对于学校中的女性领导者)女校长就缺乏量化的绩效衡量标准。

管理领域的多元化!社会话语结构的转型变化!传统性别期望的刻板印象这一切都影响着女校长的现实生活。因为没有全面的衡量标准,我们就无法判断何种领导方式一定是男性或者是女性的；因为没有固定的绩效指标,我们就无法得出结论何种性别的校长领导方式更为有效；也正因此，笔者拟采用质性的研究方法，实然性的展示女校长的工作和生活，通过与校长!教师的对话和观察来展示现实生活中的女校长的生活和工作，目的只在于展现现实生活中优秀女校长，通过对她们性格特质的归纳、领导行为梳理和工作环境的描述来寻找女性走上领导岗位的可能性，并同时为有志于从事校长工作的女性提供一定的借鉴性观点。

本论文分为四个部分。第一部分介绍问题的提出、研究目的、相关概念与文献和研究的思路与方法.第二部分是介绍A校长及其所在的学校，通过学校变革、发展历史和现状的记录向读者展示研究对象的全貌。第三部分是通过结构领导力、人性领导力、政治领导力、文化领导力和教育领导力五个向度来分析A校长的领导力。第四部分是在上述研究的基础上，分析A校长领导力与性别的相关性并得出结论，A校长在三个方面表现出了特色，最后通过提高女性自身素质，转变社会传统观念，优化舆论环境为女性学校领导者的成长提供机遇与建议。

关键词：女校长；领导力；学校变革；战略选择

总结：

本文最后总结出女校长的三大特点分别是静悄悄地推动学校变革、进行灵活有效的沟通、有强烈的责任感和使命感。提出制约女性发展的影响因素有传统性别角色模式的影响、舆论环境制约、刻板印象对女性校长行为的规范、扶持不到位的外部环境因素以及自我评价不高、回避性成就动机的影响、“从属”型的家庭角色定位的自身因素。由此，提出了提高女性自身素质、转变社会传统观念优化外部舆论环境、完善组织制度优化用人机制的三大建议。

Abstract：In traditional leadership theory, the ideation and experience of male is considered as the pervasive standardization and norm, which virtually is a kind of neglecting to the difference of gender. It is acknowledged widely that there existed difference in the mode of leadership between male and female principals, but which better couldn’t come to the agreement because of the particularity of school. According to the development of the society, more and more female become the leaders of the school. Therefore the concluding and revealing of the experience of the female principals are concerned extraordinarily significant. However the revelation of the leadership of principal needs kinds of angles, therefore according to the Particular context of the school, there is no unique criterion in the measurement of Performance, which causes the lack of measuring criterion in the female principal’s performance.

Multiplicity in the management domain, variability in social discourse construction and stiff impression in traditional gender expectation, affect the life of female principal. It can’t be judged which mode of leadership belongs to the male or female because there is no comprehensive criterion: it can’t be judged which one is effective because there is no fixed index for the Performance. Therefore, qualitative research is used to reveal the real condition of the female principal’s living and working. By the conversation with the principals and teachers and observation to them, their life and work are recorded, which is not to get the conclusion that which kind of leadership belongs to male or female, but to bring forth the real life of excellent female principal. According to the way of concluding their characteristics, combing their action of leadership and depicting their working environment, the possibility of helping female principal growing up is revealed.

The research is divided into four parts. In the first part, the reason of choosing the title, the aim of doing the research, the relative concepts and literature, the consideration and method of writing the dissertation are introduced. In the second part, the principal and her school are introduced: according to the description, the promoting of the school effectiveness is present. In the third part, the leadership of the principal is divided into five directions: structural leadership, human leadership, political leadership, cultural leadership and educational leadership. In the fourth part, based on the previous analysis, the relationship between gender and leadership is Presented. At last, the writer wish the female principals could get more chances and suggestions by Promoting self-competence, changing social traditional concept and optimizing the environment.

Keywords: Female principal, Leadership; School Change; Strategy

（张苏 教育经济与管理专业 华东师范大学硕士学位论文 2009年4月）