摘要：20世纪中叶，西方各种文化思潮风起云涌，各种形式的女权运动也随即开展起来，力图改变女性的边缘身份，消除性别歧视，以谋求男女两性在社会身份、家庭地位等诸方面的平等。伴随着社会经济的快速发展，世界经济文化一体化的到来，中国当前正处在由传统社会向现代社会转型的过程之中，女性地位得到不断提高，越来越多的女性登上了政治舞台。然而虽然党和国家对女性参政高度重视，但是我国参政女性和男性数量仍然相差甚远，在教育领导者群体中也甚为突出。21世纪是知识经济时代，科技竞争归根结底是人才的竞争，因此各国政府都在积极地推行教育改革，作为学校灵魂的校长，正是学校改革的领军人物。俗话说“有什么样的校长，就有怎么样的学校”，因此在女性魅力得到彰显!越来越多女性从政的时代，对女校长的领导力水平进行研究具有现实意义。

纵观我国小学教育现状，教师群体中性别比例严重失调，据相关研究得知在城市小学教育体系中，女教师在数量上占绝对主导地位，小学男女教师比例达到了1：4左右。在小学女教师占绝对主导地位的情况下，在社会文化和当前教育具体环境下，小学女校长领导力水平如何，其如何得到社会的认可，如何得到其他行政人员、任课教师及学生的认可等一系列问题凸显出来。本文基于这些问题，通过调查问卷、深入访谈等方式，以笔者所在城市的小学女校长作为研究对象，对其领导力进行了深入分析，并且从宏观与微观角度发掘了其领导力实施的有利因素与不利因素。例如从性别纬度而言，发现女性校长天生具有的柔性情怀在具体教育管理实施过程中能更好地与“以人为本”的教育理念结合起来，达到教师与学生的情感需要，将柔性管理理念发挥的淋漓尽致，然而就在其性别优势彰显的同时，更多的是根深蒂固的传统性别刻板印象对其教育工作顺利进行带来了诸多不变，如男尊女卑、男强女弱、男刚女柔、男主女从、男外女内，天生女儿不如男等等思想很大程度上阻碍了女校长领导力的有效实施。要想改变这种现状， 基点是整合、建构以男女平等为核心的先进性别文化，从而更好地促进和谐社会建设与两性协调发展，更好地实现女性的价值。基于当前小学女校长领导力发挥的限制与不利因素，本文结合相关教育学、心理学、社会学及其已做出的相关研究提出了切实可行的相关提升策略，更好地实现小学女校长领导力的实施，从而性别和谐文化的发展，教育公平及和谐社会的实现。

关键词：女校长；小学；领导力

总结：

本文可分为四部分，第一部分为导论，主要阐释论文问题的提出、研究意义、研究方法与思路、研究理论基础。

第二部分为第一章，对小学女校长领导力的相关研究进行了文献综述，包括校长领导力的研究进展综述、女性校长领导力的研究进展综述、对已有研究的总体评述。

第三部分为第二章至第五章，分别是对小学女校长领导力现状的问卷调查和个案呈现，以及对调查结果进行特征分析、因素分析，特征分析分别从柔性清华的充分彰显、社会家庭角色的和谐统一、时间的有效管理三方面阐释，因素分析从传统性别角色影响、缺乏相关完善的法律法规制度、角色冲突和两性成就动机不一致进行分析。最后，提出提升小学女校长领导力的策略，包括相关法律法规建设、个体能力与素质建设、社会文化建设。

第四部分为论文的结论。针对浙江省某市部分小学教师和校长的调查，得出结论：相关部门对小学女性管理者关注力度不够、社会传统性别角色思想依然严重、长期的历史原因促使两性成就动机不一致、小学女校长家庭和社会的双角色冲突现象严重。

Abstract：Mid-20^th century, surging trend of West cultures, various forms of feminist movement then carried up the edge of trying to change the status of women, eliminate gender discrimination and to seek men and women in social status, family status and other aspects of equality. With the rapid development of social economy, the arrival of the world’s economic and cultural integration, China currently is in the traditional society to modern society by the transition process, women’s status has been continually improved, more and more women mounted the political stage. However, although the Party and the country attached great importance to women in politics, but the number of women and men in Politics are still a far cry from the leader in the education community is also very prominent. 21^st century is the era of knowledge economy, science and technology competition in the final analysis, talent competition, governments are actively implementing the education reform, the soul as a school principal, is a leader in school reform. As the saying goes,  “ What kind of President, there is the school how to” and therefore femininity has been demonstrated in more and more women in politics of the era, the leadership of the headmistress of the level of practical significance.

Throughout the current situation of primary education, teacher groups, a serious imbalance in sex ratio, according to research that primary education system in the city, in the number of female teachers were overwhelmingly dominant, male and female teachers in primary schools reached a l:4 ratio of about. Female teachers in primary schools overwhelmingly dominant position, in the specific social, cultural and current educational environment, the school headmistress level of leadership, how it recognized by society, how to get other administrative staff, classroom teachers and other students recognized for a series of questions. Based on these issues, through questionnaires, in-depth interviews, to the author as a city study of primary school headmistress, its leadership, in-depth analysis and to explore from the perspective of macro and micro implementation of its favorable factors of leadership and adverse factors. For example, the latitude in terms of gender and found that female principals inherently flexible education and management of feelings in the specific implementation process better and “people first” philosophy of education together, to the emotional needs of teachers and students, Played by the flexible management philosophy Head, but to high light the advantages of their sex, while more of a deep-rooted traditional gender stereotypes of their education smoothly brought a lot of change, such as male superiority, men and strong women weak, men and women just soft, the male Women from the male outside the woman, the natural daughter of thinking than men, and so much leadership hindered the effective implementation of the headmistress. To change this situation, the point is to integrate, building gender equality at the core of the advanced culture, so as to better promote harmonious development of society and gender coordination, better realize the value of women. Leadership based on the current primary school headmistress Played by limitations and disadvantages, this combination of related education, Psychology, sociology and related research have been made to Put forward Practical and feasible strategies related to upgrading to better achieve the primary school headmistress Leadership. The implementation of the development of harmonious culture to sex, education, the realization of fair and harmonious society.

Keywords: headmistress, primary school, leadership

（马方丽 教育经济与管理专业 西南大学硕士学位论文 2011年4月）