摘要：我国中小学校长管理体制长期套用行政机关管理制度,强化了校长的"官本位"意识,淡化了校长的专业化和职业化,缺乏激励校长自主办学的机制,难以产生优秀的专家校长;中小学校际间发展不均衡,优质学校与薄弱学校区分明显,学校级别差距大,导致优质学校的校长不愿意到薄弱学校任职,因为那意味着降低了校长级别,整体来看不利于薄弱学校的改革和发展。因此,推行校长职级制、建立校长职级评价体系是校长专业化发展的要求,校长管理制度改革的趋势,也有利于促进义务教育均衡发展。校长职级制的内容是取消校长行政级别,形成校长职务等级序列,建立与校长职务等级相匹配的校长职级工资制度。

校长职级制的试点与推广,需要完善校长职级评价,而校长职级评价与校长考核评价存在差异,比较分析二者的异同,可以为制定中小学校长职级评价指标体系提供借鉴。因此,论文在借鉴已有研究成果的基础上,采用问卷调查和访谈法了解当前校长评价的现状。根据现状调査结果,比较分析校长考核评价与校长职级评价的以下方面:评价目的、评价主体、评价标准、评价实施、评价结果的处理。最后从校长作为教育者、领导者和管理者的角色出发,构建中小学校长职级评价指标体系,并提出中小学校长职级评价的实施建议。中小学校长职级评价指标体系中,校长作为教育者,指导学校课程教学,指导教师科研教研,指导学生学习;校长作为领导者,统领学校发展战略,领导学校特色文化发展,规范校长自身的行为;校长作为管理者,管理学校人力资源、学校财物资源、学校与外界的公共关系。实施中小学校长职级评价,应组建评价中介机构和多元化的校长评价主体,专业培训和心理调控评价人员,根据评价结果制定改进校长工作的内容,建立校长职级评价的监督制度。

关键词:中小学；校长职级制；职级评价

Abstract：Primary and secondary school principals management system in China applies administrative organ management system for a long time. It strengthens the awareness of the "official position" of the principals, dilutes the principals' specialization and professionalism, lacks the mechanism of encouraging the principals to run a school independently, and it is difficult to produce excellent and expert principals. The development is imbalance between the primary and secondary schools. It is easy to distinguish quality schools and weak schools. The gap between school level leads to quality school principals do not want to office in weak school, because working in weak school will be thought to reduce headmasters' administrative level. It is not conducive to the reform and development of weak schools. Therefore, the requirement of developing the principals' specialization and the trend of reforming principal management system need to practice the rank system of principal and establish evaluation system of rank for principals which also help to promote the balanced development of compulsory. The content of the rank system is to remove the principal's administrative level, form the hierarchical sequence of the principal duties, establish the principal rank wage system which matches with the hierarchical sequence of the principal duties. Making experiment and promotion of the principal rank system, need to improve the evaluation of the principal rank. The rank evaluation and the examining evaluation of principals are different. Comparing and analyzing their similarities and differences can provide a reference for formulating the evaluation index system of the ranks of school principals. Therefore, the paper which draw on the basis of existing research results adopted questionnaire and interview method to get the status of the current principal evaluation. According to the Survey results, the writer compared and analyzed the difference of the rank evaluation and the examining evaluation of principals among evaluation purpose, evaluation of the main personnel, evaluation criteria, and the approach of the evaluation results.

Finally, the writer established the evaluation index system of the ranks of school principals and offered some proposals about carrying out the evaluation of rank for primary and secondary school principals.Among the evaluation index system of the ranks of school principals, principals as educators guide the schools on courses' teaching, teachers' scientific and teaching research, and students studies; principals as leaders lead the school developing strategy, developing characteristic culture ,and regulating their own behavior; principals as administrators management human and property resource of the schools and the public relations between the school and the outside. To carrying out the evaluation of rank for primary and secondary school principals, it should be set up the intermediary organizations of evaluation and diverse the main personnel of evaluation specially train and regulate the evaluators in mentality, formulate the content of improving principals' working on the basis of the evaluation results, establish supervision system of rank evaluation for principals.

Key Words: Primary and Secondary School Principals; Rank system;Rank evaluation

（罗琴 教育经济与管理专业研究生硕士学位论文）