摘要：随着时代的发展和教育体系的日益完善，随着人们对学校管理水准、学校管理者素质要求的不断提高，学校管理的领导艺术应运而产生，而且越来越受到社会的普遍重视和关注。近年来，许多教育工作者都对此进行了探索和研究，并提出了一些见解，因此本文参照了有关专家的指导并结合本人一些工作经验对学校管理的领导艺术提出了一些体会和见解，以供有关部门参考。

    本文研究目的是根据学校管理的内容及特点，论述学校管理艺术性的内涵及重要意义，并针对学校管理的特点提出学校管理的艺术的运用方式和方法。

    总结：本文主要从以下三个方面进行论述:

    第一部分阐述领导的定义、领导的三个构成要素、学校领导者及其职责;第二部分阐述了领导艺术、学校领导艺术及学校领导艺术的主要内容。学校领导艺术共有四个方面的内容:一是领导者灵活运用自己掌握的科学理论和方法，妥善解决实际问题时再现出来的熟练而完美的技巧和高超的智慧，二是各种资源(特别是人力资源)合理配置，各种因素优化组合，整个领导过程协调统一，三是领导过程的创造性，四是学校领导过程也是塑造领导完美形象，表现领导者独特风格和卓越领导才能的过程;第三部分从四个方面论述了学校领导艺术。一是决策艺术，这是学校领导艺术的重要组成部分，它不仅是关系到学校全局的方向、针和整体部署，也关系到学校办学质量的好坏，领导决策艺术表现在谋和断上，一个好校长必须多谋善断。二是使用人的艺术。知人善任是用人艺术的精华。它体现在三个方面:第一方面是选拔人才。要求遵循德才兼备的原则、实践性原则、不拘一格原则、任人唯贤原则、比较择优五个原则。第二是使用人才。使用人才的艺术性体现在:尊重人才礼贤下士、因事用人贵在精干、用人之长人尽其才、用人不疑疑人不用、严格要求关心指导。第三方面是培养人才。对学校教职工的培养包括以下三个内容:一个是提高各类人员的思想政治素质，完善其职业道德，树立管理育人、教书育人、服务育人的思想;二是对各类人员进行专业知识和技能的培训，以提高其业务水平和工作效能;三是加强各类人员的卫生保健工作，以提高教职工的身体素质与健康水平。第三个艺术性是学校领导者运用权力的艺术。运用权力是实施领导的基本条件，善于运用权力是学校领导者的一项重要艺术，它共包括运用权力的技巧、授权的技巧、树立权威的技巧三个内容。运用权力的技巧体现在:严格遵守法定的权限、既注重实效又考虑后果、用好各种权力、运用权力合法、合情、合理、通过组织用权、用威望取胜六个方面;授权的技巧体现在因事用人视能授权、疑者不授授者不疑、授出小权保留大权、明确权责监督控制、领级授权保持难度五个方面;树立权威的技巧体现在献身教育思路开阔、公正廉洁用好权力、严谨务实民主平等、兴趣广泛学识渊博、多谋善断能力非凡、能于开拓政绩突出、注重情感关心群众。第四个艺术性是学校领导者协调人际关系的艺术。融洽的人际关系能争取最佳的工作效绩，人际关系不和会严重影响工作成效，因此如何协调人际关系也是体现学校领导艺术的一个重要方面。它主要体现在学校领导协调关系的方式、处理好与各方面关系的技巧、调解纠纷和矛盾的技巧。

Abstract：With development of the epoch and increasingly perfection of the educational system, and with people's constantly improved requirement of the makings of the school administrators and their administration level, the art of school administration leadership(hereafter called"the art")hence comes into being and is getting more and more recognition and attention from the society.Recently, teaching staff have made a lot of research and study on the art and have brought forward some ideas.Therefor, under the direction of relevant experts and by combinning some of the author’s work experiences, the article herein put forward some views and ideas on the art only for reference for relevant departments.Researching purpose of the article is to dissertate content of the art and its significance and put forward the pplication way and method of the art according to the content and characteristics of school administration.

    This dissertation was composed of the following three parts:

    In part I, the author set forth definition of leadership, three components of leadership,leaders of school and its responsibilities; Part II，the author expatiated the art of leadership,the art of school leadership and main contents of the art of school leadership.There are altogether four aspects regarding the contents of school leadership art: First, the kind of adept and perfect sleight and lofty wisdom showed by a leader when he (or she) solved some actural problems  by  agilely  utilizing  the  scientific  theory  and method;Second, reasonable collocation of all kinds of resources (especially human recources)，optimization and combination of every elements and harmonious unification of the whole leading process;Third, the creativity of the leading process;Fourth,the school leading process is a process of shaping perfect leadership figure and exihbiting unique leadership style and ability of a leader; Part III ,the author dissertated the art from four aspects. Firstly, the decision-making art, it is the important components of the art and it is not only related to the direction, the guide line and the holistic deployment of the whole school, but also related to how well a school is run. The decision一making art of leadership is mainly represented by plotting and dicision. A good school master (or masteress) must be good at making a lot of plots and proper dicisions.Secondly, the art of employment.It is the prime of employment to use the right person in a right position. It can be embodied as the following three parts:First is talents一selecting.In the process of selecting, one has to follow principle of having both ability and moral integrity,principle of practice,principle of not stick to one pattern，principle of appointing people by abilities and principle of selecting   the   comparatively   outstanding person.Second is  talents  well  employment.The  art of well employment of talents is embodied on courtly respecting，wisely employing, wholely trusting,strictly reqiring and keenly directing and everyone do his best.Third is the training of persons.The training of school workmen and teaching staff is composed by the following three parts:One is to improve the ideological and political makings of the above persons，to perfect his profecssional morality and set up the idea of fostering the children through administration,education and ministration.The other is to provide professional knowledge and skill to all the school staff in order to improve their operation level and their working efficiency.The last one is to strengthen hygien&health work of the staff in order to improve their heath status and health level.Thirdly, the art of utilizing power by the school leaders.It is the basic condition of carrying leadership into execution.Being good at utilizing power is an important art of the school leader.It is including power utilizing skill,power authorizing skill and authority setting up skill.Power utilizing skill is mainly incarnated in strictly abiding

by legalized power limits,paying attetion to actural effect and considering  the  result  as  well,well  executing  all  the power,leglaly,fairly and reasonably use the power and getting success  by  reverence.Skill  of  authorization  is  incarnated  at employing by position,authorizing by ability,authorizing without doubt ,authorizing the minor power while keeping the larger, defining power responsibility while keeping  supervision and control and maintaining proper difficulty;The skill of setting up authority  is  embodied  on  dedicating  for  education  with wide-minded thoughts,utilizing power fairly  and cleanly,  and etc.The fourth art is the art of assorting with human relationship.A fine human relationship will acquire a prime achievment while an abnormal human relationship will lead to severe bad impact on work achievment.Therefor, it is an important factor of incarnating school leadership art to well assorting with human relationships at school.It's mainly embodied in the way a school leader assorting with those relationships, the skill of disposing relationships with every aspects and skill of interceding dissentions and conflicts.

（孙宝芝 行政管理专业 吉林大学硕士研究生学位论文 2004年4月）