摘要：培养和发展人的主体性，是素质教育的核心内容。从学校管理的角度探讨学校的发展和个人的主体性发挥，是一个十分重要的理论和现实课题。本文试图从人的自身发展需要和社会对人的要求出发，来探讨主体性教育思想视野下的学校管理问题。

关键词:主体性教育；学校管理；主体性；自主权研究

总结：本文主要研究以下三个方面的内容:

    第一，主体性教育思想视野下的学校管理与传统学校管理的区别，以及主

体性教育思想视野下的学校管理与校长负责制的关系。就主体而言，学校管理

的主体是多元的。管理者和被管理者都是管理的主体，这样可以促使他们共同

参与学校管理过程，使学校管理处于一种积极状态。就职能而言，学校管理职

能具有相对独立性。就组织而言，学校管理组织具有自主性。就模式而言，学

校管理模式具有多样性。

    第二，主体性教育思想视野下的学校管理的基本内容。1.确立学校办学自主权，增强学校管理主体性。学校作为独立法人实体，拥有可进行创造性劳动的充分办学自主权，这样可使每一所学校拥有自由度和灵活性，创造性地实现教育目标，促进学生主体性的发展。2.实行民主管理，激发教师的主体性。要让教师有机会更充分地参与学校管理。同时，学校民主管理是实现学生主体性的保障，即通过培育教师的民主管理思想，进而培育学生的民主思想，发展学生的主体性，形成学生的主体人格，使学生的创新潜能得以充分挖掘。3.强化教师主体地位，发挥学生主体性。通过充分发挥教师自身的主体性来唤醒学生的主体意识，确立学生的主体地位。发挥学生的主体作用，激励学生的主动精神，促进学生生动活泼地成长。

    第三，主体性教育思想视野下的学校管理的具体对策。1.通过限制教育行政权力、分离学校所有权与经营权、推进学校管理人员职业化等来保障学校自主权的确立。2.通过建立民主合作的人际关系、变管理型组织为学习型组织、构建开放的学校系统、实行校务分掌制来构筑学校民主管理的环境。3.通过加强教育民主、注重自我教育、开展自我管理来落实学生的主体地位。4.营造培育学校、教师和学生主体性的学校精神。

    本文在剖析国内外中小学校管理现状的基础上，针对传统学校管理存在的问题，提出了自己对主体性教育思想视野下的学校管理理论与实践的一些设想。

Abstract：Cutivating and developing subjectivity of people is the key content of quality-oriented education by summary. It is a very important theory and realistic subject to discuss development of school and exertion of the individual's subjectivity in terms of management of the school.This paper attempts to probe school management from the viewpoint of subject-oriented education from the angle of one's own development of people and social requisition on people. Three under content of respects of main research:

    The  first,  subjectivity  school  management  is  different with traditional  school  management.  and  relation  with  headmaster's responsibility system. From subject, school manage subjects are the plural; From function, school has relative independent character; From organization, school has independence;From mode, school manage variety.

    The second, the basic content of under the field of vision of thought of sex  education  of subject-oriented  school  management embodies: 1.Establish the autonomy of running a school，strenthen the entity of managing of the school.School ,as independent legal person entity, has and carries on to run a school the autonomy fully creative work.  This can make every school have degree of freedom and flexibility，realize the educational objective creativly, bring about an advance in student's entity. 2. Implement democratic management, excite the teacher's entity. Let the teacher have an opportunity to more fully participate in school's managing.  Besides,  democratic  management  to  realize  student guarantee  of  entity  school,  it passes  and  cultivates  democratic management  thought  of teacher and  then  cultivate  the  student's  3 .Strengthen the teacher and student's entity,exert the teacher and student's entity  Wake the  student's subj ect consciousness up through giving full play to a teacher's own entity, establish the student's subject status. Give play to the role of the student's subject，the spirit that of encouraging the student on one's own initiative, promote students growing up livelily.

    The third, the concrete countermeasure of school management under subject-oriented education. 3.Through  limitting  administration  power,  separate  school ownership and concrete administrative power that run a school ,raise headmaster's subject consciousness, and measure administrative staff of school professionalism,etc. Set up the security system of establishing the autonomy of the school.

    2.  Through  establishing  democracy  cooperative  interpersonal relationships, become managing organization to learning organization, structure open school system，implement administrative affairs of schools divide into palm.

    3，Through going on and educate democratic construction, carry on self-education and respect students entity, implement the student's subject by self- mechanism of management to student.

    4. Mould the school spirit of cultivating the entity thought. This paper uses history to be studied. Relatively study. Positive research wait for method, it analyzes domestic and international middle and  primary  schools  management  view through  a  peep-hole  of proposing to subj ect-oriented education.

key words: Management of primary and middle schools，Subject-oriented education，Autonomy，Study

（兰军 教育经济与管理专业 华中师范大学硕士研究生学位论文 2001年5月）