摘要：当前学校教育中课堂教学千篇一律，无视学生的个体差异，学校管理墨守成规，无法适应发展的需要是学校普遍存在的问题。要想打破原有的教育系统，打破学校中的保守因素，就必须从根源上进行研究，进而实现渐进性变革。对基础教育学校来说，在“科研兴教”、“科研兴校”理念的引领下，有效开展教育研究能够增强教师研究意识、提高学校管理水平、实现学校特色发展。这是本文以研究型学校为研究主题的缘由。

关键词:学校教育科研，研究型学校，基本特征，构建策略

        总结：本文运用定性研究和定量研究相结合，主观主义和客观主义相结合的方法，确定了以“学校教育科研”作为载体促进学校发展的四所学校作为研究案例。

首先，笔者运用文献法梳理前人己有研究，并走进案例学校查阅学校发展规划、课题研究记录、各类规章制度，并通过学校网站获取相关文本资料。其次，为了更客观的获取研究资料，本研究采用了问卷法和访谈法两种调查研究方法，编制校长卷、教师卷两类问卷，共发放问卷97份，其中校长42卷，教师55卷，有效问卷率为84. 53%，根据研究需要，一共访谈了包括上海、西藏、浙江、山东等地的一线校长和教师12位，获取了丰富的研究资料;最后，笔者深入四所案例学校，综合运用问卷、访谈、课堂观察等方法对学校科研情况进行全面、整体的调研，探索案例学校是如何以教育科研推动学校发展的。

    在综合研究的基础上，本文着力于构建一种新的学校发展模式—研究型学

校，即以“学校教育科研”作为学校发展主线，以学校自身情况为基础，以具体

问题为导向，以制度规则为基准，落实到日常生活，着力于改变实践，型塑研究

型文化氛围，打造研究共同体，使全校师生在研究中获得进步、发展、提升，最

终实现学校的渐进式变革的学校发展模式，并归纳概括出研究型学校的四个基本

特征，即立足于学校发展的实际需求:规范、有效的科研管理系统;教学与科研

紧密结合;浓厚的教育研究氛围，希望通过基本特征的分析能够为基础教育学校

提供一定的参考标准，并丰富学校发展模式。

    同时根据分析问卷数据和访谈资料，从影响研究型学校建设的理论因素和现

实困难两个维度分析当前学校教育科研发展面临的瓶颈，并尝试从研究型学校建

设要遵循立足校本的真实研究、指向实践的行动研究、多方参与的协作研究、扎

根教学的微观研究这四个原则，从宏观层面教育行政部门的支持、学校层面学校

教育科研体系的构建以及学校科研队伍建设这样一个“铁三角”探讨研究型学校建设的新思路。

    希望本研究能够为学校发展的实践提供些许参考，为研究型学校的建设提供

理论指导，为学校发展提供操作范式、从而促进学校的可持续发展。

Abstract：It is a common problem that classroom teaching has a certain sameness, ignoring individual differences of students, school management tends toward inertia in the current educational system of the school. To break the existing educational system and to break the conservative elements in the school, we must study the root of the problem and achieve progressive change. For basic education schools, under the guidance of the concept of "Scientific Research hung the teaching" "Scientific Research hung the School"，effectively carry out educational research could promote the research awareness of teachers, improve the level of school administration, and enhance the school's vitality and innovation. It is the reason why make research school the topic.

    The primary research methods will be both qualitative and quantitative, also subjective and objective combined, identified four schools as the case studies that the education research as the carriers to facilitate the development of school. First of all, the study gets some text materials by sorting out the former research in different historical periods and collecting the school development planning, all kinds of rules and regulations, research records and related texts .Secondly, in order to obtain more objective research data, this study also used questionnaires, interviews and other survey methods, I prepared two volume of paper questionnaire for headmasters and teachers.

A total of 97 questionnaires were  issued,  of which 42  questionnaires are for headmasters, and 55ones are for teachers. Based on the need of research, I interviewed 12 interviewees in total, including the teachers and headmasters form the city of Shanghai, Tibet Autonomous Region, Zhejiang Province, Shandong Province and other districts. Through empirical investigation and theoretical analysis, The research would like to provide the valuable materials for the research.

    Based on the comprehensive study, I put forth effort on building a new school development pattern一Research School, which make "education research" as the main line of school development, based on school's own circumstances, the specific problem-oriented, ruled with regulations, implemented in daily life, focused on changing current practices, and then create a healthy research-cultural atmosphere shape the research culture, form research community, ultimately gain the progressivechange and development of all the members. And further discuss the four basic characteristics of the Research School, that is target oriented for the student and school development;normative and effective research management system; research and teaching combined closely; a strong research environment. The basic characteristics of education schools could provide a reference standard, and to enrich the school development models.

    Meanwhile, based on the analysis of questionnaire data and interview materials, the papers mainly analyzes the factors that obstruct the development of school educational research from the academic factors and practical difficulties .and try to consider the construction of future, on the one side, the research school should  follow the basic rules:  School-based research, point to the practice of action research, participatory collaborative research, rooted in the microscopic study of teaching, on the other side ,there are some plots of the building of Research schools from the macro level,  medium  measure  and  micro-level  ,namely,  the  education  support  of administrative department ,the construction of research system and the team foundation of school research.

      I really hope that these studies can provide theoretical guidance, supply some references of the practice of the school development and offer the development paradigm, so as to promote the sustainable development of the school.

Keyword:school  education  research;  Research  Schools;  basic characteristics; construction strategy

（周娟 教育经济与管理专业 华东师范大学硕士研究生学位论文 2012年3月）