—以浙江省A中学为例

摘要：学校领导体制是学校管理制度的核心，对保证学校办学方向，促进学校办学质量和效率，推动学校健康、有序、高效的发展具有决定性作用。20世纪90年代，随着民办教育发展及产权所有者，投资者及办学主体的多元化，以及学校实际管理理念及特色办学、管理创新的需要，我国民办高中教育也进一步社会化，投资主体多元化，办学主体多元化。具有一定办学规模的民办高中的领导体制继而多样化，除董事会领导下的校长负责制、主办单位领导下的校长负责制和实质上的校长负责制三种主要领导体制形式外，还存在着党委领导下的校长负责制，教职工代表会基础上的校长负责制，校长主持下的校务会议集体决策和分工负责制，校长主持下的校务委员会制，教职工代表大会基础上的校长负责制，教育集团统筹下(通过各校董事会)的校长负责制等;21世纪以来，随着民办高中的快速发展，国家对于民办教育的规范更加严格，民办高中领导体制从丰富和多元化逐步走向成熟。董事会领导下的校长负责制成为主要的形式，董事会制度得到发展、规范和完善。

    在以上对我国民办高中领导体制发展作分析的基础上，以A民办普通高中为案例学校，通过实地调查研究发现和分析我国民办高中领导体制存在的问题。我国民办高中领导体制主要存在着领导体系设置不完整;举办者与管理者合一;学校领导成员组成家族化;学校领导体系决策机制不完善;学校缺乏权力监督机制等问题。我国民办高中要获得持续性的发展必须要从领导机构建设和制度建设两个方面采取有力措施。从领导机构设置上来讲，要建立和完善董事会，促进董事会的多样化、专业化、服务化;完善领导体系执行系统机构，处理好领导系统与执行系统的关系，建立有效的执行系统机构，以保证学校领导体制的正常和有效运行;设立家长委员会，将其作为独立的领导体制监督机制以保证学校领导体制正确运行的监督机构。从领导体制制度建设来讲，必须围绕董事会领导下的校负责制来加以建设，建立和完善董事会领导下的校长负责制这一根本的领导制度;建立和完善董事会议事决策制度;建立和完善学校权力监督制度;同时必须建立校长独立权责保障制度。

关键词:民办高中；学校领导体制；董事会

总结：本研究拟以理论研究和实地研究结合的方式研究我国民办高中领导体制的形成和发展，以及存在的问题及解决措施。首先结合民办高中的发展历史对其领导体制形成和发展作理论解析;其次以浙江省苍南县A民办高中为案例学校，运用观察和访谈等方法，发现和分析其领导体制存在的问题;最后把领导体制的构成分为领导结构设置和制度建设两个维度，针对学校领导体制存在的问题

分别给出相应的策略建议。

    将理论分析和现实需要相结合，全面、联系、发展地分析、研究这所民办高中的学校领导体制问题;紧跟民办学校管理学理论地最新发展并以此为视角，采用文献分析法、访谈法、调查法和个案研究法;采用比较分析的方法，运用管理学、教育学及其他相关学科知识，对这所民办高中的学校领导体制问题进行深入研究。

      Abstract：The leading system of a school is the core of its institution. It's very important to ensure orientation and improve the quality and the efficiency of schools. Besides, it will play a decisive role in promoting the development of schools in a healthy, sequential and efficient way. In 1990s,along with the development of the private education, the private education in China is now going up to a stage where the education is socialized ,the main body of investing and schooling are varied. As a result, the leading system of some private schools also becomes various. Except for three main leading forms, the Principal Responsibility System Led by the Directorate; the Principal Responsibility  System Led by the Entrepreneur; the Substantive Principal  Responsibility  System,  there  are  other  forms,  such  as  Principal Responsibility System Led by Party Committee, Principal Responsibility System base on Staff representatives, the system of collective decision-making饰school council meeting and Division of responsibilities presided by the principle and so on. Since the 21 S` century, as the rapid development of private high schools, the state emphasizes more on the criterion of them. And the leading system of them is becoming riper. The Principal Responsibility System Led by the Directorate has become the main form. The directorate system has now found its way of being developed, standardized and perfected.

    Based on the above analysis on the leadership systems of Chinese private high schools, we take the A private high school as a case, and try to f rd out and analyze the problems that exist in the leadership systems of Chinese private high schools. According to the practical survey and analysis, we have found four or more main problems: the leadership systems are not integrated; Organizers and managers are syncretic; Leaders of the schools are familistic; the decision-making systems of leaders are faulty and the supervising systems of power are absent etc. In order to make Chinese private high schools develop in a durative way, urgent measures should be taken without any delay to build the leading institution and the systems. On one hand, directorate should be founded and perfected, and sequentially be accelerated to be diversified, specialized and serviceable; On the other hand, we should perfect the Implementing  System  of the  leadership  and  establish  Parents  Representative Committee, which should be taken as a independent supervising system of the leadership. Moreover, we' d better take the Principal Responsibility System Led by the Director as the core to be built up: Firstly, establish and perfect the Principal Responsibility System Led by the Director; Secondly, establish and perfect the Decision-making  System of the Directorate;  Thirdly, establish and perfect the Power-Supervising System; Meanwhile, an independent security system of the authority and responsibility must be formed for the principal.

Key Words: Private high schools, The leading system of schools, The board of directors

（高峰 教育管理专业 南京师范大学硕士研究生学位论文 2011年3月）