孟 倩

摘要: 美国通过教育政策法规促进教育平等, 在一定程度上实现了教育机会均等、教育成就平等、受教育者社会和经济地位的提高, 基本实现了社会平等的目标, 但是也存在一些问题。美国通过教育平等走向社会平等的发展策略, 对我国制定教育政策法规和建设社会主义和谐社会具有一定的借鉴意义与启示。

关键词: 教育平等; 教育政策法规; 社会平等

总结：1、美国通过颁布教育方面的政策法规来促进社会公平和反对社会贫困, 获得了良好的社会效果。

2、二战后美国最主流的“贫困文化理论”及《赫勒报告》认为贫困循环的存在是与教育有关系的。教育平等的政策法规主要在于为贫困群体提供经济援助与社会升迁的机会, 最大幅度减少贫困人口和消除贫富悬殊现象。

3、教育在美国人心目中具有重要的地位, 因而教育领域也成为少数民族争取种族平等的一个重要斗争的战场。而1954年的布朗案对美国依法促进教育平等产生了重大影响。随后，美国的一系列的宪法修订及教育法规、法案的出台都是为了实现全体公民的教育平等。

4、美国的教育平等政策法规主要是通过促进教育机会均等、教育成就平等以及受教育者经济和社会地位提高这三个方面来实现其成效。

5、在美国教育平等政策法规中存在：法律规定的社会平等权利在现实中难以实现、少数民族的社会经济地位与主流群体相比仍存在巨大差距、自身贫富差距和外来移民造成种族冲突等问题。

6、美国通过教育平等走向社会平等的发展策略对我国的启示：

(1)平等是一项原则, 而不是权利；

(2)教育为社会服务, 教育平等是为了实现社会的平等；

(3)强调国家的教育责任, 并把政府、社会和个人的责任结合起来；

(4)重视政策法律执行的绩效。

From education to social equality Equality: The American Experience and Inspiration
Meng Qian 

Abstract: The United States through educational policies and regulations to promote equality in education, to a certain extent, to achieve the equality of educational opportunity, equality of educational achievement, social and economic advancement of the educated, the basic realization of the goal of social equality, but there are some problems. U.S. strategy toward equality through education social equality, development of educational policies and regulations and building a socialist harmonious society to our country has a certain significance and inspiration.

Keywords: Educational equality; Education policies and regulations; Social equality

Summary: 1. United States to promote social justice and against poverty through social policies and regulations promulgated by education, get a good social effect.

2.World War II, America's most mainstream "culture of poverty theory" and "Heller Report" that exists there is a relationship between the cycle of poverty and education. Equality in education policies and regulations to provide a major opportunity for economic and social advancement of aid for poor communities, most significantly reduce poverty and eliminate the disparity phenomenon.

3.Educated in the American mind has an important position, thus also becoming a minority in the field of education for racial equality is an important battleground in the struggle. The 1954 Brown v. the United States according to the law to promote equality in education had a significant impact. Subsequently, the United States, a series of constitutional amendments and education legislation, the introduction of the bill is to achieve equality in education for all citizens.

4.The American educational equality policies and regulations mainly through the promotion of equal opportunities in education, equality of educational achievement and educated improve the economic and social status of these three areas to achieve their results.

5. in the United States educational equality policies and regulations that exist: the right to social equality law is difficult to achieve in reality, socio-economic status of minorities and the mainstream population is still a huge gap compared to the gap between rich and poor and immigrants themselves cause ethnic conflicts issue.

6. the United States Equal to enlightenment through education development strategy for China's social equality:

(1) equality is a principle, not a right;
(2) education to social services, education, equality in order to achieve social equality;
(3) emphasis on education a national responsibility, and the government, society and personal responsibility combined;
(4) emphasis on the performance of law enforcement policy.

出处：《黑龙江高教研究》2009年第10期