美国中小学阶层、种族问题初探
王 凌
摘要:由于阶层差异的扩大,种族矛盾的增加,美国中小学教育的差距和不平 等现象日益严重,成为困扰美国教育顺利发展的一股暗流。为减少这种差距和不平 等,美国教育界采取了一系列措施,并取得了一定的积极效应。但9 0年代以来又 出现了一些新的问题,致使中小学校间的差别和档次进一步拉开。各阶层、族裔为保证自身的利益,加强了对学校的影响和控制,中小学界也进一步深化改革,为解决上述问题进行了广泛的探讨。
关键词:中小学 阶层 种族 少数族裔 教育平等 选择学校运动
总结:1.美国中小学间的种族差异逐渐在扩大,由此带来教育差异、教育结果的不平等。
2.美国为减少种族隔阂以及由此带来的各种社会问题进行了不懈的努力,但并未涉及到造成种族差异和教育不平等更深刻的原因。
3. 90年代初,美国中小学教育出现新的问题,主要有:
(1)贫富悬殊进一步拉开中小学之间的档次和区别;
(2)为保证自身的利益,加强多学校教育的影响和控制;
(3)“选择学校运动”并非是走向教育平等的必然;
(4)建立严格的统一考试制度,并不等于教育平等的实现
4.只有着眼于解决社会问题,从社会的不平等看问题,才可能消除学校中的不平等现象,才可能最终实现各族裔、各阶级、各阶层在教育条件、学习机会、学习效果,乃至教育的社会经济效应上实现真正的平等。
American schools class, ethnicity Study
Wang Ling
Abstract: Due to the expansion of class differences, racial spear quality increases, the gap between primary and secondary education in the United States and the growing inequality has become plagued the smooth development of education in the United States an undercurrent. In order to reduce this gap and inequality, American education has taken a series of measures, and achieved some positive effects. However, since the 90's and there are some new problems, resulting in the difference between primary and secondary schools and grades further opened. Each class, ethnicity in order to ensure their own interests, to strengthen the influence and control of the school, primary and secondary sector has also further reform to solve the above problems has been extensively explored.
Keywords: primary and secondary sectors of racial minorities equal education school choice movement
出处:《云南教育学院学报》1995年2月第11卷第1期