关于教育公平的历史考察——兼以英、美等国作为实施案例
杨汉麟,杨佳,付宏,樊艳艳
摘要:教育公平涉及个人权利问题,与社会权利的公正息息相关,大致可表现为思想层面及实践、制度层面.现代意义的教育平等观念与近代社会政治学说的发展,人性、人权观念的改变,以及民主政治的建立等有直接的关系.首先通过文艺复兴时期的人文主义文化得到体现,继后通过宗教改革及启蒙运动得到强化,到19世纪末其基本内涵已经形成.20世纪教育公平观念继续得到发展,在实践上表现为由初等教育机会均等发展为中等乃至高等教育机会均等,由注重教育起点、过程的公平发展为注重教育结果的公平.为此各国都注重关心弱势群体,发展出各种补偿教育措施,并在实践中得到广泛运用。
关键词:教育公平;历史;思想;实践;荚国;美国
总结:1. 笔者对教育公平的历史发展作了粗略的考察,并选取英、美两国作为实施案例作了具体探讨分析,大致可以得出以下结论:
(1)教育公平或称教育平等涉及个人权利问题,与社会权利的公正息
息相关,甚至可以说是社会权利平等的组成部分;
(2)教育公平大致可表现为思想层面及实践、制度层面,二者有紧密的
联系。前者是后者实施的基础;
(3)古代不管是东方还是西方,都产生了一些涉及教育公平的观念乃至实践活动,但囿于等级观念的限制,古代并不存在现代意义的面向全民的教育公平;
(4)现代意义的教育平等的观念产生于近代西方,首先通过文艺复兴时期的人文主义文化得到体现,继后通过宗教改革及启蒙运动得到强化,到19世纪末其基本内涵已经形成;
(5)现代意义的教育公平其对象是指所有人,其基本内涵是以人为本,以人权为核心,以相关法律为保障,以公共义务教育为依托;
(6),各国的国情不同,因此在实施教育公平的过程中,不同时期有不同的任务及重点。
A Historical Survey on Education Equity -Taking the UK and U.S.A as the Cases
YANG Han-lin, YANG Jia, FU Hong, FAN Yan-yan
Abstract: Education equity involves individual rights and closely related to the justice of social rights, which can manifest in theory, practice and system. The contemporary meaning of education equity is directly tied to the development of the modem social politics, the changes in the concept of human nature and human rights, and the establishment of democracy. First it has been reflected by the renaissance humanist culture. Then it has been strengthened by the reformation and the enlightenment, and its basic connotations had already formed till the end of 19th century. In the 20th century, the concept of educational equity has continued to develop, which is practically showed in the development of equality of educational opportunity from the primary education to secondary education as well as higher education. Therefore, many countries start to concern about disadvantaged groups and develop a variety of compensatory education measures that is widely used in practice.
Key words: education equity; history; thought; practice; UK; U.S.A.
出处:《湖南师范大学教育科学学报》2011年第10期第3卷