二战后美国黑人教育进步的表现及原因探析

——撇开战后黑人民权运动的讨论

李浩  周磊

摘要：教育对于启迪一个民族的智慧和传承民族文化尤为重要，而作为“二等公民”的美国黑人接受教育的权力在其来到美洲大陆，就被剥夺。美国黑人在争取自由的同时，也在无时不刻的争取接受教育的权利。二战后黑人受教育权利不断得到改善，进步明显。这些进步不仅是战后风起云涌的黑人民权运动所致，更主要的是美国黑人自身政治经济地位的提升;战后对于高素质黑人劳动力的需要;同时战后美国国内和国际形势对于黑人教育进步也起到

了很大的促进作用;当然也得益于开明美国政治人物的支持。

关键词：二战后；美国黑人；教育进步；表现；原因

总 结：1.二战后美国黑人教育进步的原因：

（1）战后黑人自身政治经济地位提升促进黑人争取教育平等权利；

（2）黑人劳动力素质的提升需要教育支持；

（3）黑人地域分布变迁带来的黑人集中促进黑人教育进步；

（4）黑人群体政治地位上升促使美国开明政治人物和联邦政府的支持；

（5）美国内外形势政策的必然举措。

2.美国黑人教育经历了两百多年的变迁，其变迁与黑人在美国的人权地位上升分不开的。社会地位和经济地位的提升，同时经过黑人自身的不断努力，才能使得美国黑人的教育得到不断的进步。

Exploration On Performance And Causes Of Educational Progress OF African—American In World War II——Leaving Aside The Discussion Of The Postwar Black Civil Right Movement

LI Hao ,ZHOU Lei

Abstract: Education is particularly important for enlightening wisdom and heritage of national culture of a nation, but as a ”second -class citizens”，the African -American' right to receive education was denied when they came to the American continent. The African Americans not only struggle for freedom, but also for the right to receive education at all times. The blacks' right to receive education after World War II has been continuously improved and achieved great progress. The progress in educational advancement is due to the post-war turbulent black civil rights movement and more importantly, the main reason is due to the enhancement of the political and economic status of African Americans; In addition, Postwar America needs high- quality labor of African Americans; Postwar U.S. domestic and international situation have also played a significant role in promoting the educational progress of African Americans ; certainly the progress also benefits from the support of liberal American politicians.

Key words: After World War II; African Americans; Educational Progress; Performance; Reason

出处：《巢湖学院学报》2014年第16卷第2期