卢琰维罗尼克·欧贝吉阿尔贝·里亚尔顾文涛

摘要：在言语交际中，说话人的情绪( emotions) 属于不自主控制的潜在的心理状态，而说话人表达的态度( attitudes) 或者称社会情感( social affects) 则是说话人自主控制的。本文通过听辨实验，研究了中国人对普通话19 类态度语音的感知特性。实验采用条件受控的语音语料，考察了态度类别、话语长度、听辨人性别这三个因素对态度辨识率的影响，以及不同态度类别在听感上的混淆模式与聚类关系。实验结果表明，普通话态度语音的辨识率总体上高于机遇水平，其中“陈述”和“失望”的辨识率最高，“自信”的辨识率最低。态度类别的主效应、态

度类别与话语长度的交互效应，是影响态度辨识率的主要因素。基于听辨混淆模式进一步做层次聚类分析后发现，19 种态度从语音感知上可大体聚类为7 组，同组内的态度在认知上表现出一定的关联性。

关键词：普通话；态度；语音感知

总结：本文将从听觉感知的角度，研究中国人对普通话19 种态度语音的辨识模式，继而考察这些态度在听感上的距离与聚类关系。考虑到除了态度类别本身，听辨结果还可能与话语的语言学特征、以及听辨人的特征有关，本文选择话语长度、听辨人性别也作为考察因素。

Perceptual Study for Mandarin Attitudinal Speech

Yan Lu Véronique Aubergé Albert Ｒilliard Wentao Gu

Abstract: In contrast to emotions which are involuntarily controlled by the speaker，attitudes ( i．e．social affects) are voluntarily controlled and their expressions are usually dependent on language and culture． By conducting a perceptual experiment with Chinese native subjects，the present study examined the perceptual characteristics for Mandarin speech conveying 19 types of attitudes． With a controlled speech corpus，the effects of three factors，i． e．，the type of attitude，the length of utterance，and the gender of subject，were investigated． The experiment

showed that the 19 attitudes were basically well identified; among them，‘Declaration’and‘Disappointment’showed the highest rate of identification，while‘Confidence’showed the lowest rate of identification． The main effect of the type of attitude，together with the interactive effect between the type of attitude and the length of utterance，plays a major role in the variation of the rate of attitude identification． Based on the patterns of perceptual confusion among attitudes，a hierarchical clustering suggested that all 19 types of attitudes could be clustered approximately into seven groups，in each of which the attitudes showed correlated cognitive functions．

Key words: attitude，speech perception，Mandarin，identification，clustering

出处：南京师范大学文学院学报，2013 年9 月