论恻隐之心在都市文化中的落实
———儒家社会情感主义的提案
（美）刘纪璐
摘要：在都市文化的人际关系下培养助人行为具有可能性，其重点在于强调社会化对培养正确的个人道德情感之重要性。要重建一个不再冷漠的都市文化，单靠孤立个人的道德自觉是不够的，道德需要社会化。孟子的“四端说”提供了一个完整的道德心理学，除了强调人人固有的恻隐之心外，也以恭敬之心强调人的社会性，以及对社会规范的自然尊敬。社会的道德标准可以内化于个人的羞恶之心， 进而激励都市文化需要加强的见义勇为行为。孟子所肯定的是非之心，可以视为个人的独立思考判断，是道德情感社会化不可或缺的理性防线。
关键词：孟子；情感主义；道德心理学；道德动机论；判断内在论；判断外在论
总结：1、本文提倡的儒家社会情感主义跟西方其他情感主义另外一个不同处， 就是强调公情与强调私情的差别。社会情感主义的主张是道德的动力不能仅仅靠个人的理性道德判断， 所以不属于动机的判断内在论。
2、社会情感主义强调社会情境的建构， 社会道德情怀的培养，社会公论的树立，以及社会教育的重要。
3、所以，建立正确的社会情感可以成为落实个人道德本质最有效的方案。
On the Realization of the Sense of Commiseration in
Urban Culture—A Proposal for Confucian SocialSentimentalism
LIU Ji-Lu
Abstract: This paper begins with contemporary social phenomena of bystander apathy and investigates interpersonal relationships in urban culture and the possibility of altruism in urban culture. The main goal of this paper is to construct a theory entitled Confucian social sentimentalism, which is a moral psychology based on Mencius’ theory of the four moral sprouts. The central thesis of this theory is that social transformation is crucial to the development of proper moral sentiments of individuals. To reestablish an urban culture where apathy is no longer the norm, we cannot simply rely on isolated individual moral awakening. Mencius’ theory provides a comprehensive moral psychology. In addition to advocating our innate sense of sympathy, which is common to all forms of sentimentalism in the West, Mencius also points out the role of socialization in the sense of respect.Furthermore, social moral standards can be internalized into an individual’s sense of shame and disgust, which
further motivates courageous altruism greatly needed in urban culture. Finally, the sense of right and wrong emphasized by Mencius can be seen as the individual’s independent critical thinking and reflection. This added rational component to sentimentalism is the reason’s defense against overly sentimental response or any form of social manipulation in shaping individual sentiments.
Key words: Mencius； sentimentalism； moral psychology； moral motivation； judgment internalism；judgment externalism
出处：深圳大学学报，2013 年3 月第30 卷第2 期