“爱无差等”的伦理诉求与现实挑战

———论教师作为学校德育主体的公正与偏爱

郝杰

摘要：对待学生“爱无差等，一视同仁”是对教师的伦理诉求和职业道德规范，但在学校教育教学实践中，教师对学生的偏爱行为却普通存在。究其原因，一方面，学生之间是存在巨大差异的，教师难以均衡地施爱于每一位学生；另一方面，爱可以分为自然爱和社会爱。“爱无差等”是教师职业道德的一个层面，属于社会爱，当自然爱与社会爱发生冲突的时候，教师难以达成一致，极易出现非公正的偏爱行为。因此，教师需要明确“爱无差等”的真正内涵，树立正确的学生观，消除偏见，提高自身的道德修养，尽量避免对学生的偏爱行为，为学生营造公平、公正的教育环境。

关键词：爱无差等；教师公正；教师伦理；偏爱

总结：本文是基于教师对学生的偏爱行为普通存在的情况下提出的，在对这种现象进行分析和解释的基础上，以期寻找实现“爱无差等”的路径。进而得出在教育教学实践中，教师应明确教师公正伦理的内涵和“爱无差等”的层次性，进而明确自身在“师爱”方面应追求和努力的方向，并在全面了解学生的基础上生发出对学生自然的发自内心的爱，消除人际交往偏见，尽量做到对学生“爱无差等”，进而为学生营造一种公正、平等的道德氛围和学习环境。

Ethical Appeals and Real Challenges of“Love without Discrimination”

———On Justice and Predilection of Teachers

as the Subject of Moral Education of Schools

HAO Jie

Abstract: Treating students with love and equality is a demand for teachers’ethical appeals and professional ethics, but teachers’predilection for some students is a wide-spread phenomenon in the teaching practice in schools.The reasons for it are, on the one hand, great differences exist among students, and it is difficult for teachers to show the balanced love to each student; on the other hand, love can be divided into natural love and social love, and“love without discrimination”is one of teachers’professional ethics, which belongs to the social love. When the natural love

and social love conflict with each other, it is hard for teachers to reach an agreement, thus the unjust predilection.Therefore, teachers need to understand the real connotation of “love without discrimination ”, establish a correct view on students, eliminate prejudice, and improve their ethics to avoid predilection behavior to students and create a fair and just educational environment for students.

Key words: love without discrimination; teachers’justice; teachers’ethics; predilection