黄 崴

摘要：我国中小学校长一直被看作是一种行政职务，在职责、任用、晋升和待遇上都是按照政府官员对待的。但学校不是政府，校长不是行政官员，校长是专业化的管理人员。把校长作为行政官员，只能强化学校的政府化和官本位文化，弱化学校的教学工作，教师对行政职务趋之若鹜，把本职工作视为鸡肋，这是我国教育健康发展最大的痼疾。所以，必须通过立法、政策、行政、宣传、教育等方式，促使校长从行政职务转变为管理职业，促进校长的专业发展。

关键词：校长；行政职务；管理职业

总结：一、校长：作为一种行政职务

把校长作为一种行政职务主要表现在校长的职责、任用、晋升和待遇上：1.在校长的职责方面主要强调对国家和上级部门政策的贯彻和执行。2.对校长的任免主要实行的是国家干部任免方式。3.在职务晋升方面，我国校长是按照政府公务员的级别来套的。

把校长作为一种行政职务对学校发展所带来的负面效应是显而易见的：1.学校政府化。2.校长官员化。3.行为媚上化。4.管理经验化。

二、校长：作为一种职业

三、校长：作为一种管理职业

校长作为一种管理职业具备如下特点：1.管理性。2.教育性。3.专业性。4.公益性。

四、校长：从行政职务到管理职业的转化

1. 增强职业认同。

2. 确定职业资格。

3. 建立职业标准。

4. 加强职业培训。

5. 推行校长职级制。

Primary and Middle School Principal: From the

Executive Post to the Managerial Profession

HUANG Wei

Abstract:  The primary and middle school principal has always been regarded as an executive post in our country, so they are treated as the government officials in responsibilities, appointment, promotion and remuneration, but the school is not the government and the principals are not executive officials, instead they are professional management personnel. The treatment of the principals as the officials will only strengthen the school’s government idea and official culture and weaken the teaching work, making the teachers scramble for the executive posts and belittle the teaching work. This is the most serious chronic malady of the healthy development of our education. Therefore, we must change the principals from the executive post to the management profession, promoting the professional development of principals through legislation, policies, administration, propaganda and education.

Key Words: principals; executive post; management profession

出处：《教育理论与实践》2005年第4期第25卷