香港学生在PISA 2003中的解难能力表现及启示
林智中 何瑞珠
摘要:近几年,世界各地的教育改革都强调培养学生的高思维能力,解难能力、创新能力等都是这类高思维能力的主要组成部分。P IS A 2003测试打破了以往一般人的“印象”,一直被视为过分看重学科、靠知识死记硬背的东亚学生,其解决跨学科以生活为本问题的能力比不少以“学生为本”的西方地区学生的高。这项测试的结果说明:解决问题也好,创新也好,都要有知识作为基础。没有知识的思考,只是空想,不会带来有意义的解决方案,学生也不可能形成高效的解难能力。所以,在设计规划课程时,我们必须深入地思考:什么样的课程和教学较能推动学生形成解难能力。
关键词:课程;知识;能力测试;解难能力;高思维能力
总结:中国香港的学校教育经常被视为过于“看重”培养学生死记硬背,把书本的死知识牢记,然后在考试中反当出来。因此,不少家长、社会人士都认为这种重记诵的学习模式,窒碍香港学生的思维发展,他们解决问题的能力有很多不足的地方。
中国香港学生的表现均高于OECD的平均值,他们在解难能力方面的性别差异亦相对较少。值得注意的是,在是次研究中,解难与数学两者之间有着较高的相关性,这是由于两个测试范畴所涉及的技巧互有重叠,两者同样需要高度的理性分析技巧。
当然,单有知识,而不懂得运用,并不足以解决难题,但我们关注的是:在以往几年的课程改革中,部分学者和教师在否定传统的教学理念下,愈走愈远,甚或认为学校教什么知识内容并不重要。如果我们继续向这个轻视知识的方向走远,会否影响学生的根基,进而窒碍学生的高层次思维的养成呢?这是一个值得我们关注的问题。
Problem-solving Performance of Hong Kong Students
in the PISA 2003 Test and Its Implications
Lan Zhazhong&He Huazhu
Abstract: In recent years, education reform in the world has attached great importance to the cultivation of student high-level thinking abilities such as problem-solving, creativity, which are regarded as the main parts of high-level thinking abilities. The test of PISA 2003 has broken the former normal impression. The students of East Asia, who are considered to value excessively on curriculum, on memorizing mechanically, are better at the abilities of problem-solving in the curricular on the basis of life than many Western students, whose education is considered to be student oriented. The results of the test can give us an implication that either problem solving or creativity must be based on knowledge. Thinking without knowledge only leads to empty fantasies which can not bring any meaningful solutions. As a result, it is impossible for the students to gain efficient problem solving ability. It is a necessity for us to think deeply about what kind of pedagogy and teaching would be effective to promote the students to gain difficulty-solving ability during the course of curriculum planning.
Key Words: curriculum, knowledge, ability test, problem-solving ability, high-level thinking ability
出处:《教育研究》2006年第1期