Law, Wing-Wah

Abstract: Since the 1980s, numerous studies have demonstrated the influences of culture and gender on leadership, including school leadership. Such studies have been criticised, however, for being dominated by Anglo-American paradigms and frameworks and for under-exploring the roles of culture and gender on leadership in non-Western societies. With reference to China, this paper focuses on the relationship between gender and school leadership and explores gender differences between Chinese male and female school leaders in their leadership orientations. The study adopted a mixed methodology of a questionnaire survey and individual interviews to solicit Chinese school leaders' views in 2008. The study finds mixed patterns of gender differences in Chinese school leadership, including stereotypical, non-stereotypical and no differences. This paper argues that these patterns can be interpreted as resulting from the dynamic interplay among traditional Chinese culture, contemporary political context and organisational settings into which Chinese school leaders are socialised and in which their leadership styles and behaviours are shaped and leadership is exercised.

Keywords: China; Culture; gender; school leadership

总 结：

1、20世纪80年代以来，许多研究已证实文化和性别对领导的影响，包括学校领导。然而，这些英美模式和框架为主导的以及在文化和性别对非西方社会的领导角色进行探索的研究已经受到批判。关于中国，本文关注性别和学校领导之间的关系并且探讨了中国男性和女性学校领导者之间在其领导方向上的差异。

2、本研究采用对中国学校领导进行问卷调查和个别访谈的混合方法。研究发现，中国学校领导中混合模式的性别差异，包括典型、非典型和无差异。这些模式可以被解释为是由中国传统文化、当代政治环境以及组织设置的动态的相互作用而成的。

来源:Compare: A Journal of Comparative & International Education. May2013, Vol. 43 Issue 3, p295-322. 28p.